tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66849529314712717012024-03-13T11:24:32.509-07:00Writing a critique paperimogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-81229199494551817412020-08-25T12:18:00.001-07:002020-08-25T12:18:07.194-07:00Use of Devices in Londons To Build A Fire :: London To Build a Fire EssaysUtilization of Devices in London's To Build A Fire           Jack London utilizes the gadgets of plot, setting, and portrayal in this short story To Build A Fire to pass on his message that people should be social.  London sets a normal, moderately aged lumberjack in an abandoned Yukon trail during a frigid season.  The temperature is seventy-five degrees beneath zero and the lumberjack and his imposing are going towards Henderson Creek, around ten miles away, where the lumberjack's associates are located.  London puts the man in this Yukon condition to represent that in this chilly, remorseless world, we have to figure out how to profit from one another.           Prior to setting out on his excursion, the lumberjack is offered guidance from an old-clock at Sulfur Creek that no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below.  The lumberjack thinks this is somewhat womanish and accepts he can get by himself.  Along his excursion, the man experiences demise as he falls into a spring, where  At a spot where there were no signs, where the delicate, whole snow appeared to publicize robustness underneath, the man broke through.  It was not deep.  He wet himself most of the way up the knees before he struggled out to the firm crust.  Then the man constructs a fire underneath a tree and snow falls over it putting it out.  London makes these characteristic occasions in the plot to demonstrate they are not the reason for the man's demise.           Using portrayal, London can show by virtue of who is alive toward the end how one advantages from being social.  The old-clock at Sulfur Creek is alive on the grounds that he is experienced and insightful enough to profit from others' encounters that it isn't insightful to travel alone in the Yukon. The young men at camp are likewise alive on the grounds that they are together and can profit from each other.  The lumberjack's imposing is alive in light of the fact that it is appropriate for the Yukon condition, while the lumberjack is not.  Unlike the other characters, London has the man kick the bucket toward the finish of the story to show that he kicks the bucket in light of his egotism in his capacity to travel alone. Utilization of Devices in London's To Build A Fire :: London To Build a Fire Essays Utilization of Devices in London's To Build A Fire           Jack London utilizes the gadgets of plot, setting, and portrayal in this short story To Build A Fire to pass on his message that people should be social.  London sets a normal, moderately aged lumberjack in an abandoned Yukon trail during a snowy season.  The temperature is seventy-five degrees underneath zero and the lumberjack and his imposing are going towards Henderson Creek, around ten miles away, where the lumberjack's sidekicks are located.  London puts the man in this Yukon condition to represent that in this chilly, brutal world, we have to figure out how to profit from one another.           Prior to setting out on his excursion, the lumberjack is offered guidance from an old-clock at Sulfur Creek that no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below.  The lumberjack thinks this is fairly womanish and accepts he can get by himself.  Along his excursion, the man experiences demise as he falls into a spring, where  At a spot where there were no signs, where the delicate, whole snow appeared to promote robustness underneath, the man broke through.  It was not deep.  He wet himself most of the way up the knees before he struggled out to the firm crust.  Then the man assembles a fire underneath a tree and snow falls over it putting it out.  London makes these characteristic occasions in the plot to demonstrate they are not the reason for the man's demise.           Using portrayal, London can show by virtue of who is alive toward the end how one advantages from being social.  The old-clock at Sulfur Creek is alive on the grounds that he is experienced and insightful enough to profit from others' encounters that it isn't savvy to travel alone in the Yukon. The young men at camp are additionally alive in light of the fact that they are together and can profit from each other.  The lumberjack's imposing is alive on the grounds that it is appropriate for the Yukon condition, while the lumberjack is not.  Unlike the other characters, London has the man bite the dust toward the finish of the story to show that he bites the dust on account of his egotism in his capacity to travel alone. imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-80455662827187608112020-08-22T04:28:00.001-07:002020-08-22T04:28:09.702-07:00A Unique and Meaningful Life Essay -- Philosophy EssaysA Unique and Meaningful Life A one of a kind and significant life is good with the idea of a good agentââ¬â¢s deliberative edge. With regards to this affirmation, I will contend for Barbara Hermanââ¬â¢s Kantian conversation of good commitment, which proposes that ethical clash happens in the agentââ¬â¢s grounds of commitment. Grounds of commitment are realities perceived and considered by the operator during moral pondering; they are ââ¬Å"facts of a specific sort. They have moral noteworthiness in light of the fact that they are characterizing highlights of our (human) normal natures that limit what we can sanely will (as characterized by the CI procedure)â⬠(318).[1] The grounds are not purposes behind acting however are guides for pondering; the realities considered in a given circumstance are established in oneââ¬â¢s deliberative edge, specifically matters of significance to the good agent.[2] Similar to Hermanââ¬â¢s barrier of Kant, I will contend that ethical clash may happen among the grounds of commitment in the agentââ¬â¢s deliberative casing, yet never in oneââ¬â¢s obligation on the grounds that the CI will consistently decide just a single good commitment. I will at that point foresee two reactions to counter Hermanââ¬â¢s resistance of Kant. The main analysis suggests that the individual field of consultation - that contains ââ¬Å"not just [the agentââ¬â¢s] intrigue and private ventures yet additionally the interests of others as potential wellsprings of cases on [the agentââ¬â¢s] activities and resourcesâ⬠(331) - can prompt clashing suspicions about obligations in the citizenry in general. What's more, the subsequent analysis emerges from Hermanââ¬â¢s dismissal of the sentiment of blame in the Kantian model, in circumstances of good conflict.[3] The pundits I present acknowledge that the ethical specialist has her very own existence following from the idea... ... 1990. Notes: [1] Throughout my paper, I will utilize ââ¬Å"CIâ⬠as short structure for Kantââ¬â¢s Categorical Imperative [2] I will utilize both female and male subjects when alluding to the ethical specialist [3] A ââ¬Å"field of deliberationâ⬠is another method of characterizing the ââ¬Å"deliberative frameâ⬠(as depicted above); both contain grounds of commitment when alluding to the contemplations taken by the ethical specialist during her thought [4] Basically there are just two alternatives since given the chance, she should spare one. [5] Restitution and Remainder are terms that need not be characterized since my foreseen pundits will concentrate on the idea of blame. [6] It might appear that the sentiment of blame is unessential to the conversation of an agentââ¬â¢s deliberative edge; in any case, the subsequent pundit trusts that finding a defect in Hermanââ¬â¢s contention will prompt a dismissal of the idea. A Unique and Meaningful Life Essay - Philosophy Essays A Unique and Meaningful Life A one of a kind and important life is perfect with the idea of a good agentââ¬â¢s deliberative edge. With regards to this declaration, I will contend for Barbara Hermanââ¬â¢s Kantian conversation of good commitment, which proposes that ethical clash happens in the agentââ¬â¢s grounds of commitment. Grounds of commitment are realities perceived and considered by the operator during moral thought; they are ââ¬Å"facts of a specific sort. They have moral hugeness in light of the fact that they are characterizing highlights of our (human) sane natures that limit what we can objectively will (as characterized by the CI procedure)â⬠(318).[1] The grounds are not purposes behind acting yet are guides for thought; the realities considered in a given circumstance are established in oneââ¬â¢s deliberative casing, specifically matters of significance to the good agent.[2] Similar to Hermanââ¬â¢s protection of Kant, I will contend that ethical clash may happen among the grou nds of commitment in the agentââ¬â¢s deliberative edge, however never in oneââ¬â¢s obligation on the grounds that the CI will consistently decide just a single good commitment. I will at that point envision two reactions to counter Hermanââ¬â¢s guard of Kant. The main analysis suggests that the individual field of consultation - that contains ââ¬Å"not just [the agentââ¬â¢s] intrigue and private undertakings yet additionally the interests of others as potential wellsprings of cases on [the agentââ¬â¢s] activities and resourcesâ⬠(331) - can prompt clashing presumptions about obligations in the citizenry all in all. What's more, the subsequent analysis emerges from Hermanââ¬â¢s dismissal of the sentiment of blame in the Kantian model, in circumstances of good conflict.[3] The pundits I present acknowledge that the ethical specialist has her very own existence following from the idea... ... 1990. Notes: [1] Throughout my paper, I will utilize ââ¬Å"CIâ⬠as short structure for Kantââ¬â¢s Categorical Imperative [2] I will utilize both female and male subjects when alluding to the ethical operator [3] A ââ¬Å"field of deliberationâ⬠is another method of characterizing the ââ¬Å"deliberative frameâ⬠(as depicted above); both contain grounds of commitment when alluding to the contemplations taken by the ethical operator during her consideration [4] Basically there are just two alternatives since given the chance, she should spare one. [5] Restitution and Remainder are terms that need not be characterized since my foreseen pundits will concentrate on the idea of blame. [6] It might appear that the sentiment of blame is immaterial to the conversation of an agentââ¬â¢s deliberative edge; in any case, the subsequent pundit trusts that finding a defect in Hermanââ¬â¢s contention will prompt a dismissal of the idea. imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-53001386342835296032020-08-03T14:00:00.001-07:002020-08-03T14:00:05.357-07:00Symptoms of Stimulant Use DisorderSymptoms of Stimulant Use Disorder Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Print Symptoms of Stimulant Use Disorder By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 15, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 Aisha Thomas / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Stimulant use disorder is a new diagnosis included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5. Definition Stimulant use disorder captures a range of problems associated with the use of a wide variety of stimulant drugs, including meth, cocaine, and amphetamines, but not including caffeine or nicotine. In the previous edition of the manual, known as DSM-IV-TR, problems with these drugs were reflected in the diagnoses of stimulant abuse and stimulant dependence. Now the diagnoses have been combined, with either a mild, moderate or severe diagnosis of stimulant use disorder being given, depending on how many symptoms the person has. There is now no difference in diagnosis or severity simply because the person has the physical aspects of dependence, even though previously the physical symptoms of tolerance and withdrawal were considered to be central to substance-related problems. Symptoms The diagnosis of stimulant use disorder can be given to someone who has a pattern of problematic use of amphetamine, cocaine, or other stimulants except caffeine or nicotine, leading to at least two of the following problems within a 12 month period: Taking more stimulants than intendedUnsuccessful in trying to cut down or control use of stimulants, despite wanting to do soSpending excessive amounts of time to activities surrounding stimulant useUrges and cravings for stimulantsFailing in the obligations of home, school or workCarrying on taking stimulants, even though it has lead to relationship or social problems.Giving up or reducing important recreational, social, or work-related activities because of using stimulantsUsing stimulants in a physically hazardous wayContinuing to use stimulants even while knowing that it is causing or worsening a physical or psychological problemTolerance to stimulantsWithdrawal from stimulants if you dont take them How Long Should You Expect Withdrawal Symptoms to Last? When to Be Concerned About Prescribed Stimulant Drugs Although medication addiction can happen, if you are on prescribed stimulant drugs, such as Ritalin or other medications for treating ADHD, or medications for narcolepsy, then developing tolerance and withdrawal are not considered part of stimulant use disorder as long as you are taking medication as prescribed. On the other hand, if you are taking more of the medication than prescribed, or feeling you want to, you may be at risk for developing a stimulant use disorder. If you start experiencing cravings for stimulants beyond the prescribed amount, discuss the situation honestly with your doctor. If it appears you are vulnerable to developing medication addiction, it may make more sense to seek out other non-medication treatments, such as neurotherapy, which is an effective non-medication approach to treating ADHD. Learn About Prescription Drug Abuse Using Stimulants to Cope With Shift Work While many people who develop stimulant use disorder take the drugs for recreational reasons, or as an unhealthy, pro-ana method for weight loss, some people use stimulants to cope with working long or unsocial hours. Although drugs are not being used for pleasure in this context, it is still possible to develop stimulant use disorder and to become addicted. Staying awake at night, or for longer than usual, conflicts with your bodys natural rhythms, and some people are more able to adapt to this than others. Lifestyle changes, such as always setting your alarm for the same time each day, including days off, getting up rather than lying in, and always going to bed at the same time can help. Exposing your eyes to sunlight as early as possible in the daytime and exercising during the day can also help. If you make these changes and are still struggling to stay awake without drugs, it might be advisable to think about a change of job or even career. Stimulant use disorder is not only unpleasant, but can lead to serious work problems in the future, so it is better to make a change before the problem develops than to lose your job later. How Different Stimulants From Caffeine to Cocaine Are Addictive imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-91786787455475487992020-05-23T02:56:00.001-07:002020-05-23T02:56:02.991-07:00Analysis Of The Book Celia A Slave - 1267 Words White slave owners in United States religiously practiced slavery during the antebellum period. The book Celia a Slave is a factual interpretation of an isolated incident that depicted a very common fear every salve of the time inhibited. By illustrating the tragic life of a young female slave who was constantly raped by her master, the author Melton McLaurin, informs our generation of the horrific trades of slavery. The story of Celia is an emblem of the racial problems that is still faced by an average American. What initiated the tragic occurrence in Celiaââ¬â¢s life was the death of Newsomââ¬â¢s wife; once Newsomââ¬â¢s wife passed away he craved the need for sexual fulfillment. Figuring that the best possible way to resolve the issue would be to purchase a young woman slave to keep as his mistress, Celia was soon purchased. At the age of 14, she became a white manââ¬â¢s sexual object. Over the course of time, Celia begun to accept her role, as she had no other option, and eventually birthed two of Newsomââ¬â¢s children. However, towards the end of the fifth year, Celia had stirred a romantic relationship with one of Newsomââ¬â¢s other slaves on the farm known as George. ââ¬Å"Testimony given at Celiaââ¬â¢s trial suggests that Celiaââ¬â¢s pregnancy had placed an emotional strain upon George that he could not accept. Celia was his loverâ⬠¦yet he could not protect her from the sexual advances of the man who owned them both.â⬠(McLaurin 25) Fareed 2 Inevitably, Georgeââ¬â¢s pride demanded that theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Celia A Slave 1396 Words à |à 6 PagesUnited States History I Dr. Heckel 11/23/15 Celia A Slave The book ââ¬Å"Celia A Slaveâ⬠starts off with mainly a young black girl named Celia. She get sold in a slave auction to a man named Robert Newsom. This man continually rapes Celia who gets pregnant with his child and gives birth to the child. The sad part is that the child she just had would grow up to be her fatherââ¬â¢s property later in her life. Then it changes when one day Mr. Newsom attempted to rape Celia again when she accidentally killed himRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Celia A Slave Melton Essay1268 Words à |à 6 PagesThe book Celia A Slave Melton McLaurin is telling us what happened to a slave owner and a slave that he brought. This story goes into details on the day of June 23,1855 about how a female slave that murdered her master and how she tried to cover it up. This story took place not far from Jefferson City in Calloway Country here in Missouri when around this time there were still debates over what state is going to be free and what states is going to be a slave one. 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AlthoughRead MoreBibliographic Essay on African American History6221 Words à |à 25 PagesAmerica Vol. I: 1619-1863 and Vol. II (Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1998), which emphasizes culture; and, Darlene Clark Hine and Kathleen Thompsonââ¬â¢s Shining Thread of Hope: The History of Black Women in America (New York: Broadway B ooks, 1998), a work highlighting the presence of women. Juliet E. K. Walkerââ¬â¢s The History of Black Business in America: Capitalism, Race, Entrepreneurship (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1998) is a general historical overview of blacks in business acrossRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words à |à 922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-51499430181065537412020-05-11T10:12:00.001-07:002020-05-11T10:12:03.215-07:00An Assessment of the Strategic Leadership of Bill Gates An Assessment of the Strategic Leadership of Bill Gates, Introduction Bill Gates approach to planning, implementing and managing strategic-level initiatives throughout Microsoft Corporation and the long-term effects of his leadership strategies on the culture of the company is the subject of this analysis. Using the model on effective strategic leadership found in the text (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2013) each of its dimensions are also used for assessing Bill gates leadership style and effectiveness. As the model shows that the factors of effectively managing the firms resource portfolios, sustaining an effective organizational culture and emphasizing ethical practices form the foundation of effective strategic leadership, these three foundational elements form the basis of the analysis. Determining strategic direction and establishing balanced organizational controls are also essential for guiding organizations to above-average performance and profitability (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2013). Based on this framework and the insights gained, an assessme nt is also made of Microsofts ability to sustain an effective, productive organizational culture. Inclusive in this analysis is also an assessment of Bill Gates strategic leadership style, with two suggestions of how Gates and his predecessors at Microsoft could create higher levels of strategic entrepreneurship throughout the company. This analysis concludes with the identification and discussion of two strategicShow MoreRelatedThe World s First 5th Generation Air Superiority Fighter1616 Words à |à 7 Pages Less than five years after operational certification in 2009, Robert Gates, Secretary of Defense, (SECDEF) convinced the President (POTUS) and Congress to truncate the F22 program, leaving the USAF with fewer than 187 operational F-22 Raptors. This number was well short of the 381 aircraft the USAFââ¬â¢s estimated number needed to meet their mission requirements. Gates made his controversial decision based on his assessment of the low return on investment (ROI) the F-2 2 Raptor provided the US. taxpayerRead MoreSenior Vice President For Accreditation And Quality Assurance At Letourneau University ( Letu )1666 Words à |à 7 Pagesyour announcement of a search for an Associate Vice President for Accreditation and Quality Assurance at LeTourneau University (LETU). The announcement of this search drew my attention because I am familiar with LETUââ¬â¢s institutional effectiveness, assessment, and accreditation efforts, and I believe my background and experience provide an excellent fit with the credentials you seek. I have a keen interest in promoting LETUââ¬â¢s mission of engaging ââ¬Å"learners to nurture Christian virtue, to develop competencyRead MoreEssay Recruitment and Selection of Microsoft Employees1475 Words à |à 6 Pagespromotions, temporary assignments, demotions, training assignments, and reassignments (Myers, 2003). Additionally, in order to select the appropriate employees, selection decision(s) must gather valuable information through the use of assessments and assessment procedures that provide decision makers with relevant information regarding prospects aptitudes to accomplish required job duties (Peters et al., 1997). However, employers recognize that selection methods, such as interviews, referencesRead MoreTechnology Is Just A Tool871 Words à |à 4 PagesBill Gates once said, ââ¬Å"Technology is just a tool. In terms of getting the kids working together and motivating them, the teacher is most important.â⬠Technology has infiltrated all areas of life, but education seems to be somewhat resisting its grasp. There is a great controversy in todayââ¬â¢s society regarding implementing technology in the classroom, and many parents, educators, and law makers are on both sides of this controversy. 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History Paul Allen and Bill Gates, childhood friends with a passion in computer programming, officially established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as the CEO. In August 1977 the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office, ASCII Microsoft. The company moved to a new homeRead MoreApplied Leadership4476 Words à |à 18 PagesFINAL PAPER- APPLIED LEADERSHIP INTRODUCTION What is leadership? How does people perceive leadership in their everyday Life? Can we still today, in a world oriented more an more towards individualism and commitment to achievement of personal goals, talk about leadership? Starting from with the question of what is making a person a good leader, I will analyse interviews to 5 people about leadership, then offer an excursus on selected papers about leadership and release, basing on those information imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-62741572968048759342020-05-06T11:19:00.001-07:002020-05-06T11:19:06.981-07:00Trade Deficit Free Essays Trade Deficit and Current Account Deficit [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Trade Deficit and Current Account Deficit Critically examine this statement, ââ¬Å"Current Account Deficits do not seem to matter anymore ââ¬â the US$ appears to remain unaffected by escalating US trade deficitsâ⬠, by reference to the ââ¬Å"Balance of Payments Approachâ⬠to exchange rate determination The trade deficit of the US is at exorbitantly high levels. Many economists suggest that depreciating the US dollar would help put a squeeze on United States enthusiasm for globally produced goods. Since this move of depreciation would inherently curb the exaggerated import costs that the US so loves to incur. We will write a custom essay sample on Trade Deficit or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, these three critical factors essentially would help limit the import prices incurred by US due to the trend of rising demands that has permeated in the societal culture: * The practice of using USD for US trade invoicing; * Exporters concerns on market share dynamics, and; * The outrageous US distribution costs. $759 billion is the aggregated US trade deficit in 2006. This is six percent of the actual nominal GDP of the country. One of the biggest contributory factors is the impasse of plethora of imported goods from foreign lands. In the perspective of numerous investigators and policymakers, dollar depreciation remains a crux system for tending to this export-import imbalance and restoring the worldwide competitiveness of American producers. Indeed in principle, a weaker dollar might as well raise the expense of different merchandise for U. S. consumers, in this manner diminishing U. S. mandate for imports in the meantime that it helps gather interest by foreign nations for U. S. products by making the countryââ¬â¢s exports increasingly cost-focused abroad. My investigation uncovers that dollar depreciation is unrealistic to shut the exchange crevice courageously. To make sure, remote request for U. S. exports may as well develop, as speculation predicts. Since basically all U. S. exports to different nations are invoiced in dollars, remote buyers will determine an instantaneous profit from dollar depreciation as the expense of their buys decreases in varying foreign currencies. Notwithstanding, the value of outside imports for U. S. consumers will be impressively increasingly versatile to conversion standard updates. Exchange invoicing practices, it is contended, donate altogether to the lack of care of import costs to trade rates. Since very nearly the sum of the products that the United States imports, for instance those it exports, are invoiced in dollars, the costs of foreign made merchandise remain settled for a period when trade rates change. Also, even in the longer termââ¬âover, state, the year emulating dollar depreciationââ¬âthe craving of outside makers to remain focused in the huge U. S. business sector might lead them to oppose expanding the dollar value of their products. Beyond any doubt, the atypically towering showcasing and appropriation takes added to imports once they drop in the United Statesââ¬âfetches designated in dollarsââ¬âfurther isolate the last utilization value of foreign made merchandise from conversion scale updates. The American President stated that: ââ¬Å"The best way to, deal with the trade deficit is to make sure that America is the best place in the world to do businessâ⬠¦ â⬠Examine this view that promoting growth is more effective than direct targeting of the trade deficit USA is a diverse country with numerous of its regions continuously producing high growth, innovative companies. These companies have risen above the economic downturn that hit the global economy in the start of the 21st century. Rather with surprise, the diverse US states boast such companies not only distributed in the locales of Silicon Valley and Boston but rather in most of its states. End of 2012; saw a sharp decline in the trade deficit of the US. In this period, oil imports drastically reduced whereas exports increase sharply. This essentially iterates that the shrinking trade gap, has improved on the governmentââ¬â¢s estimated growth and trade deficit levels. Furthermore, the levels reached in the closing months of 2012 indicate towards levels that have not been observed in the last three years. This is a positive inducement. Exportation of US products saw rise in oil exports and other petroleum based-product exports. Further, aircraft sales and agricultural good sales also demonstrated positive increment. Various economists believe that this is a very encouraging sign. Though, economists have stated that the essential focus of the US treasury should be to enhance growth in the country, and secondary considerations should be given to the trade deficit. This assertion is based on the belief that reinvigorating the business systems of the country would deplete the rising gap between the socio economic classes of the country. Furthermore, individual families would be given financial stability and long term sustainability. It also has to state that the narrowed gap between imports and exports, i. e. the trade deficit, essentially iterate that US corporations earn extra then their foreign counterparts. Furthermore, domestic consumption of foreign goods is also less in comparison. It is expected that the companies are not piling up their inventories; this indirectly suggests that curbing expenses including cuts in defence spending would help in keeping a positively skewed growth rate in the future months. These events would see an additional negative pressure on the trade deficit that has started to show signs of decrease. As such economists are of the view that trade will be favourably impacted in 2013. These forecasts are dependent on premises that iterate that the EU debt crisis will finally show some features of stabilizing. This would further give a positive boost to the US exports. Moreover, economic growth witnessed in Asia would also positively impact the growth potential of the US. One of the biggest negatives for US is the rising trade deficit between China and the US. This trade deficit climbed to a spectacular 300 billion mark in 2012. This would be the biggest pressure point on the growth prospects of the US economy. Economists have confronted this issue by attacking the economic policies of China, specifically the countryââ¬â¢s practices to artificially peg their currency at far lower levels, than is required. This assertion is made with the logic that such an economic move by China would essentially lower the costs of its exports in the US. UK trade statistics show similar trends to the US situation. Review the suggestion of b) above for the UK situation UK trade statistics show similar trends of that of US i. e. ever-increasing trade deficits and curbing growth prospects. Given these circumstances and the global economic turmoil that hit the global economies in the early years of the millennia, it is disappointing to even follow the growth prospects of the World, let alone the UK. Britainââ¬â¢s trade deficit also demonstrates a serious picture of disappointment. Economic chiefs of the country suggest that the super competitive currency i. e. the British Pound Sterling can be the glimmer of hope in this dismal economic prospect. This is because the currency is almost a quarter below the pre financial crisis levels. In 2008, December reports indicated that the nationââ¬â¢s deficit consumed after trade sharply rose to 14 billion pounds. One of the biggest factors of this deficit jump is attributed to magnified increase in aircraft import costs. Given these factors, it juxtaposes a truly saddening prospect for the country. Economists who eagerly made plans to rebalance the economic prospects of the economy, by cashing on the decline in pounds value to feed increases through export based growth. BoE has thus decided to restrict any particular changes to the interest rates. This was due to suggestions that raising the rates would cause pound to appreciate, thus thwarting the trade prospects, negatively. Nonetheless, declining GBP has not appeased the concerns of above targeted and persistent economic inflation, as well as higher than necessary import prices. Current UK growth prospects and outlook suggests that the region would see improvements, although the road to recovery would be filled with bumps and slowness. Outlook prospects also indicate that consumer spending would be positively impacted. Furthermore, squeezes on real incomes would also subside, slowly. These are thoughts that do not cross the normal household. As such they remain scared, and cautious towards excessive spending. This is keeping a tap on growth. UK economy does not have the support of infrastructure of commerce that is established in the US. As such the economy is overfilled, without vacuum, and without much chances of astronomical growth. Additionally, close associations with a debt ridden EU has also kept pressures on growth. Though, it is accepted that growth in the nation is the biggest policy to be looked for, economic wise. Moreover, trade deficit should be given a secondary consideration. References Smith, David (2011) Trade Deficit Sunday Times The Balance of Payments and Macroeconomic Policy in an Open Economy Book Chapter How to cite Trade Deficit, Essay examples imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-62133648099098933212020-04-30T14:29:00.001-07:002020-04-30T14:29:03.128-07:00The Athenian and American Systems of Government Essay Example For Students The Athenian and American Systems of Government Essay Athens of ancient Greece had perhaps the most advanced system of government of the ancient world. The system of Athens was called a Democracy. That is, every citizen voted on everything. People have claimed that the United States is also a Democracy. This is not true. The government of the United States is a Constitutional Republic (Every). United States citizens vote for representatives, who then vote on the laws. They themselves are limited by a constitution. Democracy is a flawed government system. The Constitutional Republic is also flawed, however, it is better at safeguarding individual rights, when applied correctly. Therefore, a Constitutional Republic is a better system than a Democracy. Athens was one of the largest Greek city states. (Stockton, 4). It was about one thousand square miles (Stockton, 4). Athens was founded in the 8th century BC (Muller). It was at first ruled by the college of archons. (Muller). After a term of one year, the archons became members of the Coun cil of Elders (Muller). The people had a voice in the popular assembly, the Ekklesia (Muller). However, it did not have real power until 600 BC. By then, it was an established institution of Athens (Muller). It became the central policy making body in the 5th century. There were two main governmental bodies, the Assembly and the Council. (Acropolis). The Assembly was responsible for policy making. (Acropolis) The Council was responsible for administration and implementing the Assemblys policies. Not everyone could participate in Athenian politics. Slaves, resident aliens, and women were excluded. We will write a custom essay on The Athenian and American Systems of Government specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The main architect of Athenian law was Solon. It is unknown when Solon was born. He died in 559 BC. (Plutarch). Solon allowed everyone to participate in court (Stockton 19). He created a code of laws based on justice, balance, and good order (Muller). Solon abolished the practice of debt bondage (Muller). Solon created the Council of 400 (Boule), and a court called the Heliaia. (Muller) Solon divided Athenians into classes in accordance with their income (Plutarch). The lowest class, the thetes, was ineligible for election to office (Plutarch). However, they could still come into the assembly and act as jurors (Plutarch). The other classes, from lowest to highest, were zeugits, hippies, and pentakosiomedimnoi (Muller). Solons laws were obscure and ambiguous (Plutarch). The court, therefore, and wide powers of interpretation. This gave a significant amount of power even to the thetes. Before a matter could be submitted to the public for vote, it had to be approved by the Council of 40 0 (Plutarch). By 431 BC, however, the Council of 400 lost power (Agar 13). All power was in the hands of the popular assembly (Agar 13). There were many flaws in Athenian Democracy. There were almost no checks on the power of the masses. If a person was not liked by the masses, he could be ostracized-forced to leave Athens. Because the court had so much interpretive power, anyone could be punished for anything-even executed. Witness Socrates. He was executed for being impious (Agar 12). This charge was brought against anyone in Athens who thought for themselves, and not what the masses wanted people to think (Agar 12). Contrary to popular belief, there was no absolute right to free thought, free criticism, and freedom to cast doubt on all mens most intimate prejudices (Agar 12). These are Western concepts (Ager 12). Athenian Democracy does not protect individual rights. We now turn to the American system of government. Contrary to popular belief, America is not a Democracy. It is a Constitutional Republic (Every). America has a Constitution that spells out basic, inalienable rights, and citizens vote in representatives who are supposed to safeguard those rights, even when unpopular (Every). The American government is its current form was created in 1789, with the Constitution of the United States of America. The government consists of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch consists of the President, the legislative branch consists of Congress, a bicameral legislature, and the judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court and inferior courts (US Constitution). Currently, only Congress is directly elected by the people. The President is elected by the Electoral College (US Constitution). Judges for federal courts are appointed by the President; these appointments must be ratified by Congress (US Constitution). How j udges for state courts are appointed varies from state to state. Laws are debated by Congress. If passed by Congress by a simple majority, the law is given to the president for approval. If the President does not approve of the law, it is given back to Congress for another debate. If it is passed by a two-thirds margin, it goes into effect. (US Constitution). The people do not, at any stage, directly vote on laws. .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f , .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f .postImageUrl , .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f , .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f:hover , .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f:visited , .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f:active { border:0!important; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f:active , .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0958249b435c4638411686c2f843603f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lazzaro Spallanzani EssayWhich system is better, a Democracy or Constitutional Republic? At first, it might seem that Democracy is the better system, as it gives the people a better voice in government. However, Democracy has some serious weaknesses. It enables the majority to totally dominate and oppress the minority (Hospers). As was seen with Socrates, the minority is not protected in a democracy. Because, in a true democracy, there is no check on the power of the masses, it is as if there is no rule save for mob rule. A good orator, such as Alcibiades, architect of the disastrous attack on Syracuse, could manage to sway the masses into making unwise decisions. Perhaps democracys greatest flaw is there is no real authority. Plato compared democracy to a ship on which the crew had the same powers as the captain. Such a ship, said Plato, would be on a corse for disaster. According to Plato, democracy would give authority to any would be tyrant who called himself the peoples friend (Plato). The better form of government is the Constitutional Republic. The republic aspect removes the masses from direct involvement in government. This might at first seem like a bad thing, but is actually a good thing. The masses, history shows, will oppress those they dont agree with-witness the Inquisition, the Salem witch trials, the Nazi concentration camps, and McCarthyism. By removing the masses from government, a Constitutional Republic prevents this from happening. For example, if Socrates were tried in the court of a Constitutional Republic, he might have been convicted by a jury, but would have been given a chance to appeal to a higher court, one which would b e totally guided by law. However, an unlimited republic is also an invitation to tyranny. Without limits, the elected representatives could vote to, for example, kill those who spoke out against them. That is why a constitution is necessary. The constitution provides limits to what the government can do. In a Constitutional Republic, with a constitution that respected the rights to life, liberty, and property, there would be no charge to bring Socrates up on. The representatives would be limited in what they could vote to do. If the Constitution does not give them permission to do something, they cannot do it. A Constitutional Republic respects the rights of individuals. No system of government is perfect. A constitutional republic sometimes fails to protect the rights of individuals. For example, in the United States, the Constitutional Republican government used to treat citizens who were members of minority groups very poorly (Hospers). Failures such as this can be traced to one cause: the representatives focused on doing what was popular rather than what was right. Another problem: a Constitutional Republic is only as good as the constitution. It would be quite possible to write a constitution that demonstrates a complete disregard for individual rights-witness Nazi Germany. The Constitutional Republic has its problems. However, there is no remedy for these problems that would not involve investing one man with absolute power-a cure that is far, far worse than the disease. It would involve giving one person or group carte blanche power to run the country. This would lead to a Nazi Germany or a Soviet Union like situation. In other words, if these sorts of reforms were implemented, the Constitutional Republic would morph into a Dictatorship. Even with these problems, a Constitutional Republic is far superior to a Democracy. In a democracy, there is not even theoretical protection for minorities. If the masses vote to prohibit certain philosophies that is al lowed. If the masses vote to send certain people to their deaths that is allowed. If the masses vote to seize one mans property and give it to another man that is allowed. In a Constitutional Republic, this is not allowed. The rights to life, liberty, and property are protected. The government can only exercise those powers delegated to it. However, even constitutional republics have their problems. The leaders or constitution can be bad. The leaders can choose to ignore the constitution. They can interoperate it to give the government powers the framers never intended the government to have. To paraphrase Winston Churchill, a constitutional republic is the worst form of government, except for all the others. We can only hope that the constitution of our Constitutional Republic stays strong and that our leaders pay attention to it and do what is right, not what is popular. Works CitedHospers, John Freedom and Democracy Liberty Haven June 1984 5/7/03 http://www.libertyhaven.com/theor eticalorphilosophicalissues/philosophy/freedomdemo.html Athenian Democracy The Acropolis http://jnl-journeys.com/democrac.html 5/7/03Plutarch Lives http://www.e-classics.com/index.html 5/7/03Plato The Republic http://plato.evansville.edu/texts/jowett/republic.htm 5/7/03Muller, Helmut M. The Birth and Development of the Polis in Athens http://www.dadalos.org/int/Demokratie/Demokratie/Grundkurs2/antike/athen.htm 1992 5/7/03Every, David Only Individuals Have Rights http://www.igeek.com/articles/Politics/Government/+IndividualsHaveRights.txt 6/27/99 5/7/03Agar, Herbert The Perils of Democracy 1965Stockton, David The Classical Athenian Democracy 1990 imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-31159092243457111662020-03-21T08:59:00.001-07:002020-03-21T08:59:04.080-07:00The 4 Mitosis PhasesProphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, TelophaseThe 4 Mitosis PhasesProphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In order to heal an injury, your body needs to replace damaged cells with healthy new ones...and mitosis plays a crucial role in this process! Mitosis is a process of cell division that helps you stay alive and healthy. In other words, in the world of cell biology, mitosis is kind of a big deal! But like with anything science-related, mitosis can be sort of confusing when you first try to understand it. The key idea is that the process of mitosis involves four phases, or steps, that you need to understand if you want to understand how mitosis works. In this article, weââ¬â¢re going to do the following things to break down the four steps of mitosis for you and help you get acquainted with the mitosis phases: Briefly define mitosis and eukaryotic cells Break down the four phases of mitosis, in order Provide mitosis diagrams for the stages of mitosis Give you five resources for learning more about the phases of mitosis Now, letââ¬â¢s dive in! Feature image: Jpablo cadand Juliana Osorio/Wikimedia Commons (Marek Kultys/Wikimedia Commons) What Is Mitosis? Mitosis is a process that occurs during the cell cycle. The role of mitosis in the cell cycle is to replicate the genetic material in an existing cell- known as the ââ¬Å"parent cellâ⬠- and distribute that genetic material to two new cells, known as ââ¬Å"daughter cells.â⬠In order to pass its genetic material to the two new daughter cells, a parent cell must undergo cell division, or mitosis. Mitosis results in two new nuclei- which contain DNA- that eventually become two identical cells during cytokinesis. Mitosis occurs in eukaryotic (animal) cells. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that contains the cellââ¬â¢s genetic material. A crucial part of mitosis involves breaking down the nuclear membrane that surrounds the cellââ¬â¢s DNA so that the DNA can be replicated and separated into new cells. Other types of cells, like prokaryotes, donââ¬â¢t have a nuclear membrane surrounding their cellular DNA, which is why mitosis only occurs in eukaryotic cells. The main purpose of mitosis is to accomplish cell regeneration, cell replacement, and growth in living organisms. Mitosis is important because it ensures that all new cells that are generated in a given organism will have the same number of chromosomes and genetic information. In order to accomplish this goal, mitosis occurs in four discrete, consistently consecutive phases: 1) prophase, 2) metaphase, 3) anaphase, and 4) telophase. Our in-depth post on mitosis is coming soon, so you can think of this as an intro to what mitosis is and how it works! What we want to focus on in more detail here are the 4 stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and what happens during those phases! So letââ¬â¢s get down to it. The 4 Phases of Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase So what are the stages of mitosis? The four stages of mitosis are known as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Additionally, weââ¬â¢ll mention three other intermediary stages (interphase, prometaphase, and cytokinesis) that play a role in mitosis. During the four phases of mitosis, nuclear division occurs in order for one cell to split into two. Sounds simple enough, right? But different things occur in each step of mitosis, and each step is crucial to cell division occurring properly. That means successful cell division depends on the precision and regulation of each phase of mitosis. Thatââ¬â¢s why itââ¬â¢s important to be able to understand and articulate the role of each phase in mitosis overall. Also: you may have seen or heard the parts of mitosis called different things: mitosis phases, the stages of mitosis, the steps of mitosis, or maybe even something else. All of those different phrases refer to the exact same process. As long as you remember that the phases/stages/steps of mitosis always happen in the same order, it doesnââ¬â¢t really matter which of those phrases you use! Next, weââ¬â¢re going to breakdown the four phases of mitosis in order so you can understand how mitosis occurs through each phase. (Ph. Immel/Wikimedia Commons) Interphase: What Happens Before Mitosis We can think of interphase as a transitional phase. Interphase is when the parent cell prepares itself for mitosis. This phase isnââ¬â¢t considered part of mitosis, but understanding what happens during interphase can help the steps of mitosis make a little more sense. You can think of interphase kind of like the opening act. They arenââ¬â¢t the band you came to see, but they get the audience warmed up for the main event. Interphase occurs prior to the beginning of mitosis and encompasses whatââ¬â¢s called stage G1, or first gap, stage S, or synthesis, and stage G2, or second gap. Stages G1, S, and G2 must always occur in this order. The cell cycle begins with stage G1, which is a part of interphase. So how does the parent cell prep itself for mitosis during interphase? During interphase, the cell is busy growing. Itââ¬â¢s producing proteins and cytoplasmic organelles during the G1 phase, duplicating its chromosomes during the S phase, then continuing to grow in preparation for mitosis in the G2 phase. In the cell cycle, interphase doesnââ¬â¢t just occur before mitosis- it also alternates with mitosis. Itââ¬â¢s important to remember that this is a recurring cycle. When mitosis ends, interphase starts up again! In fact, in the grand scheme of the cell cycle, mitosis is a much shorter phase than interphase. (Kelvinsong/Wikimedia Commons) Phase 1: Prophase Prophase is the first step of mitosis. This is when the genetic fibers within the cellââ¬â¢s nucleus, known as chromatin, begin to condense and become tightly compacted together. During interphase, the parent cellââ¬â¢s chromosomes are replicated, but they arenââ¬â¢t yet visible. Theyââ¬â¢re just floating around in the form of loosely collected chromatin. During prophase, that loose chromatin condenses and forms into visible, individual chromosomes. Since each of the parent cellââ¬â¢s chromosomes were replicated during interphase, there are two copies of each chromosome in the cell during prophase. Once the chromatin has condensed into individual chromosomes, the genetically-identical chromosomes come together to form an ââ¬Å"Xâ⬠shape, called sister chromatids. These sister chromatids carry identical DNA and are joined at the center (in the middle of the ââ¬Å"Xâ⬠shape) at a point called the centromere. The centromeres will serve as anchors thatââ¬â¢ll be used to pull the sister chromatids apart during a later phase of mitosis. And thatââ¬â¢s whatââ¬â¢s happening inside the nucleus during prophase! After the sister chromatids form, two structures called centrosomes move away from each other outside of the nucleus. As they move to opposite sides of the cell, the centrosomes form something called the mitotic spindle. The mitotic spindle will eventually be responsible for separating the identical sister chromatids into two new cells and is made up of long protein strands, called microtubules. Late Prophase: Prometaphase Prometaphase is often referred to as ââ¬Å"late prophase.â⬠(Though itââ¬â¢s also sometimes called ââ¬Å"early metaphaseâ⬠or referred to as a distinct phase entirely!) Regardless, some really important things occur during prometaphase that propel cell division along and that help explain what happens in metaphase. Prometaphase is the phase of mitosis following prophase and preceding metaphase. The short version of what happens during prometaphase is that the nuclear membrane breaks down. Hereââ¬â¢s the long version of what happens during prometaphase: first, the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope (i.e. the lipid bilayer surrounding the nucleus and encasing the genetic material in the nucleus) breaks apart into a bunch of membrane vesicles. Once the nuclear envelope breaks apart, the sister chromatids that were stuck inside the nucleus break free. Now that the nucleusââ¬â¢s protective covering is gone, kinetochore microtubules move near the sister chromatids and attach to them at the centromere (that spot at the center of the ââ¬Å"Xâ⬠). Now these kinetochore microtubules are anchored at opposite poles on either end of the cell, so theyââ¬â¢re extending themselves toward the sister chromatids and connecting them to one of the edges of the cell. Itââ¬â¢s kind of like catching a fish with a fishing pole- eventually, the chromatids are going to be separated and drawn to opposite ends of the cell. And thatââ¬â¢s the end of prometaphase. After prometaphase ends, metaphase- the second official phase of mitosis- begins. (Kelvinsong/Wikimedia Commons) Phase 2: Metaphase Metaphase is the phase of mitosis that follows prophase and prometaphase and precedes anaphase. Metaphase begins once all the kinetochore microtubules get attached to the sister chromatidsââ¬â¢ centromeres during prometaphase. So hereââ¬â¢s how it happens: the force generated during prometaphase causes the microtubules to start pulling back and forth on the sister chromatids. Since the microtubules are anchored at opposite ends of the cell, their back-and-forth pulling on different sides of the sister chromatids gradually shifts the sister chromatids to the middle of the cell. This equal and opposite tension causes the sister chromatids to align along an imaginary- but very important!- line trailing down the middle of the cell. This imaginary line dividing the cell down the middle is called the metaphase plate or equatorial plane. Now, in order for metaphase to progress on to anaphase, the sister chromatids must be equitably distributed across that metaphase plate. Thatââ¬â¢s where the metaphase checkpoint comes in: the metaphase checkpoint ensures that the kinetochores are properly attached to the mitotic spindles and that the sister chromatids are evenly distributed and aligned across the metaphase plate. If they are, the cell gets the green light to move on to the next phase of mitosis. The checkpoint is very important because it helps the cell make sure that it mitosis will result in two new, identical cells with the same DNA! Only once the cell passes the metaphase checkpoint successfully can the cell proceed to the next stage of mitosis: anaphase. (Kelvinsong/Wikimedia Commons) Phase 3: Anaphase The third phase of mitosis, following metaphase and preceding telophase, is anaphase. Since the sister chromatids began attaching to centrosomes on opposite ends of the cell in metaphase, theyââ¬â¢re prepped and ready to start separating and forming genetically-identical daughter chromosomes during anaphase. During anaphase, the centromeres at the center of the sister chromatids are severed. (It sounds worse than it is!) Remember how the sister chromatids are attached to the mitotic spindle? The spindle is made up of microtubules, which start shrinking during this phase of mitosis. They gradually pull the severed sister chromatids toward opposite poles of the cell. Anaphase ensures that each chromosome receives identical copies of the parent cellââ¬â¢s DNA. The sister chromatids split apart down the middle at their centromere and become individual, identical chromosomes. Once the sister chromatids split during anaphase, theyââ¬â¢re called sister chromosomes. (Theyââ¬â¢re actually more like identical twins!) These chromosomes will function independently in new, separate cells once mitosis is complete, but they still share identical genetic information. Finally, during the second half of anaphase, the cell begins to elongate as polar microtubules push against each other. It goes from looking like one round cell to...well, more like an egg as the new chromosome sets pull further away from each other. At the end of anaphase, chromosomes reach their maximum condensation level. This helps the newly separated chromosomes stay separated and prepares the nucleus to re-form . . . which occurs in the final phase of mitosis: telophase. (Kelvinsong/Wikimedia Commons) Phase 4: Telophase Telophase is the last phase of mitosis. Telophase is when the newly separated daughter chromosomes get their own individual nuclear membranes and identical sets of chromosomes. Toward the end of anaphase, the microtubules began pushing against each other and causing the cell to elongate. Those polar microtubules keep elongating the cell during telophase! In the meantime, the separated daughter chromosomes that are being pulled to opposite ends of the cell finally arrive at the mitotic spindle. Once the daughter chromosomes have fully separated to opposite poles of the cell, the membrane vesicles of the parent cellââ¬â¢s old, broken down nuclear envelope form into a new nuclear envelope. This new nuclear envelope forms around the two sets of separated daughter chromosomes, creating two separate nuclei inside the same cell. You might think of the events of telophase as a reversal of the events that occur during prophase and prometaphase. Remember how prophase and prometaphase are all about the nucleus of the parent cell starting to break down and separate? Telophase is about the reformation of the nuclear envelope around new nuclei to separate them from each cellââ¬â¢s cytoplasm. Now that the two sets of daughter chromosomes are encased in a new nuclear envelope, they begin to spread out again. When this occurs, it is the end of telophase, and mitosis is complete. (LadyofHats/Wikimedia Commons) Cytokinesis: What Happens After Mitosis Like interphase, cytokinesis isnââ¬â¢t a part of mitosis, but itââ¬â¢s definitely an important part of the cell cycle that is essential to completing cell division. Sometimes, the occurrence of the events of cytokinesis overlaps with telophase and even anaphase, but cytokinesis is still considered a separate process from mitosis. Cytokinesis is the actual division of the cell membrane into two discrete cells. At the end of mitosis, there are two new nuclei contained within the existing parent cell, which has stretched out into an oblong shape. So at this point, thereââ¬â¢s actually two complete nuclei hanging out in one cell! So how does one cell become two cells? Cytokinesis is responsible for completing the process of cell division by taking those new nuclei, separating the old cell in half, and ensuring that each of the new daughter cells contains one of the new nuclei. Hereââ¬â¢s how the separation of the old cell is accomplished during cytokinesis: remember that imaginary line running down the middle of the cell and dividing the centrosomes, called the metaphase plate? During cytokinesis, a contractile ring made of protein filaments develops where that metaphase plate used to be. Once the contractile ring forms down the middle of the cell, it starts shrinking, which pulls the cellââ¬â¢s outer plasma membrane inward. You can think of it like a belt that just keeps tightening around the middle of the cell, squeezing it into two sections. Eventually, the contractile ring shrinks so much that the plasma membrane pinches off and the separated nuclei are able to form into their own cells. The end of cytokinesis signifies the end of the M-phase of the cell cycle, of which mitosis is also a part. At the end of cytokinesis, the division part of the cell cycle has officially ended. 5 (Free!) Resources for Further Study of the Steps of Mitosis Mitosis is a complex process, and the mitosis phases involve a lot of big words and unfamiliar concepts that you might want to learn more about. If youââ¬â¢re interested in diving more deeply into the 4 stages of mitosis, take a look at our five suggested resources for further study of the steps of mitosis, explained below! #1: Mitosis Animations Online Reading all about mitosis can definitely be helpful, but what if visuals really help you understand how things work? Thatââ¬â¢s where web animations of mitosis might come in handy for you. Watching mitosis in action through web animations can help give you an idea of what all those verbal descriptions really mean. They can also help you picture what the phases of mitosis might look like under a real microscope! There are probably a lot of web animations of mitosis that you could take a look at, but we recommend these three: John Kyrkââ¬â¢s Mitosis Animation The Biology Projectââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Online Onion Root Tipsâ⬠Cells Aliveââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Animal Cell Mitosisâ⬠We particularly like Cells Aliveââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Animal Cell Mitosisâ⬠animation because it allows you to pause the animation as it loops through the phases of mitosis in order to take a fine-grained look at how mitosis works. Cells Aliveââ¬â¢s version also juxtaposes its animation of the mitosis phases with footage of mitosis occurring under a microscope, so youââ¬â¢ll know what youââ¬â¢re looking for if youââ¬â¢re ever tasked with observing cell mitosis in the lab. iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/L0k-enzoeOM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen/iframe #2: ââ¬Å"Mitosis: Splitting Up Is Hard To Doâ⬠by Crash Course If youââ¬â¢re a bit exhausted from reading dense material and need someone else to put the stages of mitosis into more accessible terms, head over to YouTube and watch Crash Courseââ¬â¢s 10 minute video on mitosis, called ââ¬Å"Mitosis: Splitting Up Is Hard to Do.â⬠The nice thing about this video is that, while being a bit more thorough than some of the other YouTube videos you might find out there on mitosis, itââ¬â¢s also really funny. More importantly, it explains mitosis in terms of familiar, everyday biological processes, like when you get a cut and need your body to make new cells to heal. If you need help thinking about the real-world relevance of the mitosis phases beyond just being something you have to memorize for a lab or exam, this is a great resource. #3: ââ¬Å"Phases of Mitosisâ⬠by Khan Academy Hereââ¬â¢s another YouTube video, but the tone and style of this explanation of the steps of mitosis by Khan Academy is a little different. Watching this tutorial on the mitosis phases feels a bit like youââ¬â¢re sitting in biology class and your teacher/professor is drawing out diagrams of mitosis while talking you through the entire process (except in this case, your teacher is sort of cool and only uses neon colors to draw the diagrams). If youââ¬â¢re looking for a step-by-step tutorial that takes a slow pace and deals with the steps of mitosis thoroughly, Khan Academy has you covered! #4: Creating a Mitosis Flip Book For some learners, the process of creating something to show your knowledge can help with memorization of difficult concepts and/or developing a thorough understanding of how things work. Thatââ¬â¢s why we suggest trying out some old-school tactics to build your knowledge of the 4 stages of mitosis! A tried-and-true approach to learning the mitosis phases, vetted by biology teachers, is creating a mitosis flip book. Post-It provides a step-by-step guide on how you can create a mitosis flip book on your own, but itââ¬â¢s really pretty simple: you get something to draw with, grab small note cards or sticky notes to draw on, and draw what each phase of the cell cycle looks like on individual note cards/sticky notes! When youââ¬â¢ve finished drawing your version of the stages of mitosis on your cards, you either stick, tape, or staple them together, and voila! You can flip through your mitosis flip book from beginning to end and watch the progression of mitosis through the four phases. Activities like this one can help imprint on your memory what each step of mitosis looks like. Plus, when you finish your flip book, youââ¬â¢ve got a pocket-sized resource that you can carry with you as a part of your study guide or a quick resource for review before a quiz or exam! #5: ââ¬Å"Mitosis Study Setâ⬠by ProProfs Flashcards Maybe youââ¬â¢re feeling pretty good about your knowledge of the stages of mitosis but you want some help in testing that knowledge before a formal quiz or exam. Thatââ¬â¢s where ProProfs Flashcardsââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å"Mitosis Study Set,â⬠an online study guide that provides an array of flashcards to help you test your knowledge of the stages of mitosis, comes in. Whatââ¬â¢s fun about this flashcard set is that you can choose different assessment styles depending on where you are in your knowledge of mitosis. The flashcard set provides traditional question-and-answer flashcards, a flashcard function specifically geared toward memorization, a multiple choice quiz, and matching. If you want to practice being tested on the steps of mitosis before the actual test, check out this resource! ProProfs Flashcards provides several study sets on other topics related to or involving mitosis, so if you need to test your knowledge of mitosis beyond just the four phases, this resource could help out there as well. What's Next? If you want more traditional resources to help you learn about the cell cycle, our list of the best AP Biology study guides has you covered. Youââ¬â¢ll probably need to know about more than just mitosis to ace your AP Biology exam. Hereââ¬â¢s an expert guide to the test to get your studying started off on the right foot! Taking science classes in high school (and doing well in them!) is an important step on your journey to get into the university of your dreams. Check out this article about which science classes you need to take before applying for college to figure out which classes are right for you. imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-63833656019303262452020-03-04T23:25:00.001-08:002020-03-04T23:25:03.995-08:00Toxic Chemicals from Peeing in the PoolToxic Chemicals from Peeing in the Pool Lets face it. Its not just babies who pee in the pool! Is that guy on the other side of the pool trying to look cool or is he concentrating on a little public urination? You dont know, because there isnt a chemical you can put in the pool as a urine indicator that wouldnt be toxic or respond to a whole host of other fluids. The Water Quality and Health Council conducted a survey that revealed one in five Americans admit to urinating in the pool. So, unless that pool was filled an hour ago, youre swimming in pee. But, urine doesnt just sit there in the water or harmlessly disperse. It reacts with chemical treatments in the water. For the same reason you dont want to rinse out a really nasty kitty litter box with bleach, you might not want to inhale too deeply in a pool full of people. The chemical reactions form two particularly nasty compounds: cyanogen chloride (CNCl) and trichloramine (NCl3). In high concentrations, these are chemical warfare agents. In the minute quantities produced in a pool, you wont die, but youre not doing your lungs any favors, not to mention your nervous and circulatory systems. Chlorine treatments, in particular, react with uric acid from urine to form toxic chemicals. The pool treatments themselves often aggravate respiratory and other health problems, since chlorine is (you guessed it) a toxic chemical agent. Its really not something to worry about, as researchers have found levels of the chemicals are lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for public drinking water. However, if it bothers you, you have a few options. Swim in an outdoor pool rather than an indoor one, so vapors become diluted in the air rather than trapped in an enclosed space. Switch to a different pool disinfection method. Or, you can build your very own private pool and resist the urge to pee in it. Reference:à Volatile Disinfection Byproducts Resulting from Chlorination of Uric Acid: Implications for Swimming Pools,à Lushi Lian, Yue E, Jing Li, and Ernest R. Blatchley , III,à Environ. Sci. Technol.,à 2014,à 48à (6), pp 3210ââ¬â3217. imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-11669631084045383382020-02-17T14:49:00.001-08:002020-02-17T14:49:02.645-08:00African slavery and African Catholicism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsAfrican slavery and African Catholicism - Essay Example Many historians and scholars hold that the domination of European rule in Africa caused African slavery and the development of African Catholicism. However, there is much evidence showing that the development of African slavery and African Catholicism occurred due to deep rooted African systems and an already established traditional form of religion. It will also provide evidence of the roots and development of African slavery. Roots and Development of African Catholicism and African Slavery Many scholars view Christianity in Kongo, especially Catholicism as a foreign religion introduced by the colonizers during the 15th and 16th centuries. In addition, these scholars often deem this form of religion as serving the interests of foreigners more than the indigenous Kongo people. The result of this assertion is that Christianity overlooked the independence of Kongo people. In addition, this caused most historians to view the deemed introduced Christianity as a form of colonization and d omination by the Portuguese in Kongo. Moreover, these historians also assert that the conversion of Kongo to Christianity and the development of African Catholicism was a direct effect of westernization of Kongo (Thornton, 147). The history of religion and African Catholicism was quite different from the assertions of these historians and scholars. The conversion of Kongo in to Christianity was under a free will. Consequently, it is evident that the Kongo people and leaders highly determined the structure of the church and its doctrines as well as practices. It is also evident that the Portuguese attempted to control the church under political terms. However, this was not possible since Kongo highly controlled the activities and practices of the church. Even though contemporary studies reveal that there was substantial syncretism in Christian doctrines in Kongo, the European clergy who visited Kongo, recognized it as conventional (Thornton, 148). In the case of African slavery, ther e are misconceptions by most scholars as to what prompted slave trade in the region. Most of these scholars considered the roots of African slavery as a product of economic underdevelopment in Africa, in which forced labor dominated the economy rather than free labor. However, this was not the case but there was the spirit of slavery rooted deep in the African institutional and legal structures of communities of Africa. In addition, this kind of slavery occurred very differently from the form of slavery in Europe. The main reason that slavery occurred widely in the Atlantic Africa was that in African law, slaves were the only recognized form of private ownership. It became very perverse in the African society because there lacked landed private property (Thornton, 74). The incorporation of Christianity as a part of indigenous religion is the main reason it survived and hence the documentation of the cult dates from the early sixteenth century to the present day. In the nineteenth ce ntury, Christianity briefly disappeared from Kongo. However, the disappearance was not due to a lack on the part of Kongo, a failure on the part of the clergy or a resurgence of suppressed local religion. Rather, it was because of the changing definition among European clergy including Rome as to what made up Christianity, together with more chauvinistic attitudes towards non-Western and particularly colonial peoples that happened after I850 (Thornton, 148). In African law, one could only establish a claim on a product through taxation and slavery rather than through the fiction of land ownership. However, this did not make the African legal system backward or egalitarian, but only legally divergent. Due to this imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-67068474401392752672020-02-03T09:44:00.001-08:002020-02-03T09:44:01.832-08:00Case Study Plaskor Inc.Accounting Information Systems InternalPlaskor Inc.Accounting Information Systems Internal Controls and Risks in IT Systems - Case Study Example Thus, Plaskor Inc. has underscored implementation of this strategy in carrying out manufacturing of automotive parts since it needs to trade with other partners. a) This section of the paper seeks to describe the extra IT system risks that Plaskor should consider as it evaluates whether to buy or develop an Internet EDI system. According to Segev, Porrar, and Roldan (n.d.), the main risk that can be faced by Plaskor is related to the aspect of security. Whether to buy or develop the system, there are certain risks that are likely to be faced. For instance, the system can be intruded by hackers who are bent on stealing business information belonging to other organizations. The security risk is more threatening to the viability of business since this can impact its operations. The system is also likely to be infiltrated by spyware which can affect the operations of the company. The company can lose vital information as a result of spyware that can be picked from the Internet. Therefore, there is a need to build strong firewalls in order to protect data from being stolen by other unscrupulous people. Plaskor can choose to develop the EDI system, which implies that it should also develop translators which can code the data so that it can be exchanged smoothly between two different companies. However, the risk likely to be encountered is that the translators may not be compatible with transmission and security systems and back end systems that ultimately process EDI instructions (Segev, Porrar, & Roldan, n.d.). This may affect the seamless flow of information, hence the need to put concerted efforts in order to ensure that the translators are compatible with the internal systems of the company. Failure to do so may impact the smooth flow of information between linked computers. b) This section of the paper seeks to describe IT internal controls that should be incorporated into an Internet EDI system. Systematic scheduling has to be put in imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-43448266779243486932020-01-26T06:07:00.001-08:002020-01-26T06:07:03.661-08:00The Invention Of The Revolver History EssayThe Invention Of The Revolver History Essay Revolvers are repeating firearms that consist of a cylinder containing multiple chambers, with at least one barrel for firing. The name revolver comes from the short-form of its original name, revolving gun. As its name suggests, the revolver is uniquely designed such that the chambers of a revolver revolve around an axis. 2. The Invention of the Revolver The first inventor of the revolver was Elisha Haydon Collier. Collier invented the flintlock revolver, which was a single-action, self-priming weapon with automatic release of gunpowder into the pan when the gun hammer was cocked. Patented in 1818, the flintlock revolvers single barrel allowed greater accuracy and faster reloading time (Shaver, 2004 ). Today, the revolvers that we are familiar with are an adaptation of Colliers revolver. One of the most significant pioneers in revolver technology was Samuel Colt. There are many variations as to how Colt first came up with the idea for his revolver, ranging from an eureka moment while shooting whales, to stealing Colliers idea in India (Hosley, 1996 ). Colt patented the percussion cap revolver in December 1835, which enabled muzzle-loading firearms to fire reliably regardless of weather. This was an improvement from Colliers flintlock revolver, which was prone to misfire in wet weather. The shooter would load the chambers of the cylinder with gunpowder and a projectile, and put in place several percussion caps. While this loading procedure might be tedious, it allowed the shooter to have rounds fully prepared ahead of time (Harris, 2011 ). Bullet cartridges were soon introduced in revolvers in the 1870s, replacing gunpowder and caps. The cartridges are a combination of a projectile (the bullet), a propellant (gunpowder) and a primer (the explosive cap), all contained within a metal casing. 3. Evolution of Revolvers 3.1 Type of innovation 3.1.1 Product Innovation The first revolvers invented by Collier were a product innovation. The patent was bought by John Evans and Son of London. It manufactured about 10,000 revolvers to sell mainly to the British forces in India and they are embodied as its outputs (Flemming, 2012). 3.1.2 Incremental Innovation Before the revolvers were invented, other types of handguns such as the single shot and multi barreled pistols existed. Revolvers improved on these handguns and hence were an incremental innovation. Firstly in the past, guns were mostly limited to a single shot except the pepper box however it was heavy and difficult to load since it had multiple barrels for each bullet. The revolver has the capability to deliver multiple loads to a single handgun barrel in quick succession (Delman ,2010). Revolvers are also different in terms of having lower chances of malfunction and thus provide greater reliability. Rounds which fail to fire can usually be cleared by merely pulling the trigger which will cycle the cylinder and place the next available round in a firing position (Riverwalker, 2009). Several malfunctions are however common in pistols that require more complex methods to clear them. Revolvers also have a sturdier design due partly to their heavier construction which allows them to shoot more powerful rounds (Riverwalker, 2009). 3.1.3 Component Innovation The revolver is a component innovation since its major change in handgun design is in creating a rotating cylinder which would come into alignment with a single barrel to fire successive bullets (Harris,2010). Collier combined this with a flintlock mechanism to create the first revolver. 3.1.3 Competence Enhancing vs Competence Destroying Originally, Colliers flintlock revolver was competence enhancing for John Evans and Son of London. However the revolver had several problems and by the 1840s, Colts Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company had adapted the revolvers based on the percussion cap system and mass produced them. This was competence destroying for Colliers company while competence enhancing for Colts (Delman, 2010). 3.2 Mechanics of the Revolver Over the years, the revolver has been constantly evolving and many different variations of the revolver have been invented. Despite this, the fundamental design of the revolver still remains the same, with several firing chambers arranged in a circle in a cylindrical block. This differs from other repeating firearms that use a single firing chamber with a different mechanism to load and extract cartridges. In modern revolvers, there is a spring-loaded hammer located at one end of the cylinder, in line with the barrel (Fig. 1). By cocking the hammer back, a new cartridge is lined up between the hammer and the barrel. To release the bullet, a pull of the trigger would result in the spring throwing the hammer forward so it hits the primer at the back of the bullet. The primer explodes, igniting the propellant and driving the bullet down the barrel. Macintosh HD:Users:helpdesk:Desktop:Screen Shot 2013-03-02 at 1.21.04 AM.png Figure 1 The inside of the barrel is lined with spiralling grooves, which increases the stability of the bullet by spinning it. A longer barrel not only improves stability, but also increases the speed of the bullet. 3.2.1 Actions (Mechanism) Single-Action Mechanism Single-action revolvers are revolvers that require the user to cock the weapon manually. The act of pulling back the cock rotates the cylinder and the user can then pull the trigger to fire it. Colts original revolver design involved a ratchet and pawl mechanism to hold the cylinders in place. Double-Action Mechanism Most revolvers today are double-action revolvers that perform two functions: cocking, and then firing the gun. Robert Adams, a British gunsmith, invented double-action revolvers in 1851. In this mechanism, pulling the trigger halfway automatically rotates the cylinder and releases the cocked hammer. Pulling back the trigger even more releases the cocked hammer. This would allow the user to fire the double-action revolver in one trigger pull. 3.3 How it has evolved 4. Uses Applications 4.1 Self Defence In the US where private gun ownership is legalized, a third of all gun sales can be attributed to handguns, including revolvers (Harris, 2013). Many Americans choose the revolver as a self-defense weapon due to its ease of use, maintenance and general reliability. To fire a revolver, a novice gun owner merely needs to aim and pull the trigger for double action revolvers or cock the hammer and then pull the trigger for single action revolvers. Their simplicity in design allows an average person to shoot safely and competently without much training. They are also relatively more affordable and sustainable due to the ability to withstand neglect (Riverwalker, 2009). 4.2 Combat Military The revolver was first adopted in combat by the Texas Rangers against the hostile native Indians who outnumbered them in Texas (Brown, 2013). Later on it was introduced into the U.S army in 1846 when the Mexican War began as Capt. Samuel H. Walker collaborated with Colt to design a novel and more powerful revolver (Colt Defense LLC, 2013). Throughout US military history up till 1985, revolvers had been the standard firearm, to arm the soldiers on battlefields such as during the Civil War, World War I and II. Although later on they were replaced by higher ammunition and faster reloading semi-automatic pistols, today they continued to be employed largely by guards, Navy Shore Patrol, and intelligence and counterintelligence operatives (Olive-Drab, 2013). 4.3 Sporting Hunting Handgun hunting has become a popular sport and most hunters use revolvers since they provide the reliability needed to hunt all types of big game (Hampton, 2013). Hunting with revolvers is more challenging and hones a hunters skills since the guns have comparatively shorter sight radius and less powerful ammunition. Hunters must also stalk closer to the prey to kill it humanely and this gives it greater chance of escaping from the hunters. A significant amount of practice is required to develop accuracy and marksmanship in revolver hunting (Wilson, 2010). 4.4 Law Enforcement Since the 1870s American police forces have relied on revolvers to arrest criminals and protect civilians. The most popular revolver used in law enforcement history was the Colt Official Police invented in 1927 which sold up to 400,000 units by 1970 (Scarlata, 2011). It was the top choice across numerous American police departments for one third of a century. Although production of this model has ceased today, other types of revolvers still play a significant role as back up and off duty firearms among American police officers. 5. Impacts of the Revolver 5.1 Military As an important tool for the military, the revolver has transformed major warfare in history and especially assisted in westward expansion. In the American Civil War in 1860, revolvers were one of the new and powerful weapons that forced armies to change their battle techniques. The Lemat and Colt revolvers were the most common firearms used. For example, Samuel Colt alone produced 200,000 of his guns for the Union and Confederate troops (Elbehri, 2010). These guns were more accurate and required less time to reload since they could fire multiple shots at one time. Combat at the time occurred at short distances and cavalrymen had to charge into formations of the enemy and use firearms and sabers to disrupt them and spread panic. At close ranges, revolvers were very powerful and handy especially while the cavalrymen were in saddles. This allowed armies to attack enemies more easily and aggressively. After the war, the US military adopted the Single Action Army revolver as the standard firearm and they aided the front troops to fight in the Indian war, Spanish-American War and Philippine-American War (military factory, 2011). In World War I, although the Americans had started switching to semi-automatic pistols, the M1917 revolvers continued to play a key role in filling the urgent need for guns. The British-made Webley revolvers also served as the standard sidearm for British soldiers in the war (Lewis, 2012). This sudden popularity in the armies was due to the revolvers small size which allowed airmen and tank operators to be armed under their space constrained environments (Duffey, 2009). Additionally, given its sturdy design and dependability, it was ideally suited to muddy and adverse conditions of trench warfare (Lewis, 2012). In World War II, the British and American troops continued using .38 calibre revolvers until finally afterwards, semi-automatic pistols replaced the revolvers in most militaries worldwide. 5.2 Societal Impacts Due to the strong gun culture that exists in U.S., this report will only be studying the societal impacts that revolvers have caused in U.S. Among the developed countries in the world today, U.S. has the highest number of gun owners. About 9 in 10 Americans own more than 270 million guns (Alpers, Philip and Wilson, 2013). That is 5% of the worlds population owning 35-50% of the worlds civilian-owned firearms, of which around 30% are revolvers (Stray, 2013). Sadly, the U.S. is also well known for clinching the highest number of gun homicides. The points below illustrated how the gun industry has severely impacted the society. Homicides Gun-rights advocates might be right when they argue that there might not be a connection between level gun ownership and homicide. However, numerous surveys and studies have concluded that there is an association between the number of homicides and gun ownership in developed countries. A study by Hemenway found that U.S. firearm homicide rates were 19.5 times higher than other developed countries (Kenny, 2013). Accidental Deaths In addition, unintentional firearm deaths in the U.S. were more than five times higher than in the other countries. Among these 23 countries, the U.S. accounted for 80 percent of all firearm deaths; 87 percent of all children under 15 killed by firearms were American children. Homes with guns are 12 times more likely to have household members or guests killed or injured by the weapon than by an intruder (Kenny, 2013). Self Defense and Reassurance of Safety However, the revolverà Data from the National Crime Victimization Survey suggest that a gun is used in self-defenseà about 60,000 to 120,000 times each year. Several other surveys confirm this estimate. Facilitating Crimes each year about a million violent crimes involve guns This means guns are used to commit a crime about 10 times as often as they are used for self-defense. 5.3 Government 5.3.1 Laws Policy Making The Federal legislation enacted the Gun Control Act in 1968 that defines who was not allowed to possess a gun and barred anyone under 21 years old from buying handgun. However, they guarantee the right to gun ownership by law. There are restrictions though. The à National Firearms Act of 1934à restricts civilians from owning automatic weapons, short-barrelled shotguns, hand grenades, and other powerful arms without appropriate registration. People are free to carry guns both openly or hidden, outside, with the exception of federal facilities where guns are prohibited. The buyer of firearm is not obliged to allow official background checks before taking possession of guns. However, theà Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Actà of 1993 requires licensed gun dealers to perform background checks. Each state may have different jurisdiction, but overall, in the United States, if you do not have a criminal record and have not been adjudicated as mentally incompetent, you can buy guns. 5.4 Economic Impacts Over the years, the U.S. gun industry has been profiting by illegally trafficking firearms into Mexico. However, these firearms were used to arm drug cartels and thus, caused the deaths of thousands of civilians. Nearly 90 percent of weapons seized in Mexico are trafficked from the U.S. The market is extremely strong, especially because of the high demand and lack of strict control in the sale of weapons in U.S. Furthermore, in 2005, the Congress granted gun dealers blanket immunity from civil damages resulting from the misuse. Thus, the tyranny of the drug cartels and mafia reigns on (Kenny, 2013). The gun industry has faced its own share of ups and downs throughout the history but to date, it is still going strong. In 2012, the industry is expected to earn $11.7 billion in sale and $993 million in profit, according to analysts at IBIS World.(Brad, 2012) In 2011, about half of the six million guns manufactured in the United States were pistols and revolvers. Thats up from just one-third in 2001,à according to a reportà from First Research.à Rifles now account for 35 percent of the market, with shotguns and other guns making up the rest. U.S. firearms manufacturers will export some $4.4 billion worth of guns and ammunition to other countries this year. The biggest customers are Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, who accounted for nearly 40 percent of exports in 2012 (its mainly law enforcement and military agencies doing the buying, as private gun ownership is heavily regulated in those nations). IBIS World expects exports to keep surging in the coming years, with ammunition and ordnance being an especially popular item overseas. The economic impact of the firearms industry is up 66 percent since the beginning of the Great Recession, providing an unexpected shot in the arm for the economy, according to a new study. Theà National Shooting Sports Foundationà says the economic impact of firearm sales a figure that includes jobs. taxes and sales hit $31 billion in 2011, up from $19 billion in 2008. Jobs in the firearms business jumped 30 percent from 2008 to 2011, when the industry employed 98,750. The industry paid $2.5 billion in federal taxes in 2011, up 66 percent in three years. Ours is an industry with a rich history and heritage that remains vital and important to the American economy today,à NSSFà Senior Vice Presidentà Lawrence G. Keaneà said in a statement. To millions of Americans our industrys products represent liberty, security and recreation. Some in the industry attribute the jump in sales to fears theà Obama administrationà will tighten gun control laws in a possible second term. Theres a concern that in the second term theà Obama administrationà would lead an attempt to restrict gun ownership,à Mr. Keaneà said. That concern, known in the industry as the Obama factor, has led many gun owners to purchase now in hopes of avoiding more restrictions and regulations later. (Devaney 2012) imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-20039464407025521502020-01-18T02:30:00.001-08:002020-01-18T02:30:04.045-08:00Larry CrowneBased on the movie ââ¬Å"Larry Crowneâ⬠I feel that college is going to be great. This movie really taught me a lot about college and how itââ¬â¢s never to late until your dead. I can only hope that my college experience is like Larryââ¬â¢s : fun , exciting , and a place to meet new people. However this movie also taught me that there are up and downs that come with college, but as long as you try and care you can make it through just fine. The first topic I would like to touch on is the fact that college is a great chance to meet new people, but now only new people but lifetime friends.There are so many different ââ¬Å"charactersâ⬠or personalities is college, where as it may have not been the same is your high school or city. Iââ¬â¢m the type of person that loves to meet new people so that would be just great for me. This also helps me to see that being shy is college is not going to help you get through. Some people might introduce themselves to you like the y oung lady did Larry & other you have to make the first move. Having friends will get you through college and theyââ¬â¢re always there for you as you saw in the movie.Moving on to the next topic , Iââ¬â¢d say the teachers in college are a lot different. Itââ¬â¢s like they understand your older and mature so they are more relaxed and you have more freedom. But one thing that I notice is that they give you work but your responsible for getting it in cause they wonââ¬â¢t ask you for it. Also from watching the movie the class room atmosphere is way more relaxed in college but also not everything has the ââ¬Å"Green-lightâ⬠so to speak.College can be very fun, but I believe that all depends on what you go there with your mind set on. If you go just to party then you wonââ¬â¢t be there long. However if you go with a mind to get you education like Larry Crowne then you do what he did which is get his degree so that he could never have to worry about getting fired again. To me because of what Larry had his mind set on doing when he went he was to able to get the job done, have fun after class and sometimes during , and on top of all that he was able to manage a job.I believe he was only able to get it done because he had is priorities set , in order , and he followed through with them. Hence , after viewing this movie feel like I am somewhat ready for college, Iââ¬â¢m definitely excited for it. There are a few things that I have to still work on i. e. work and study habits. If you noticed in the end youââ¬â¢d see Larry studying for finals , class etc. when and where ever he could. And in the end it all paid off.College is not an option for me ââ¬â itââ¬â¢s a must ââ¬â so there for I have to go. Larry didnââ¬â¢t have to go he wanted to. I wonder how would it have been Larry to just stay out of school and do nothing. Instead he wanted his education and went In with a positive attitude. And no matter when I start college I want to go with that attitude from the get go cause as I witnessed from the movie itââ¬â¢s a much more smoother process. So thatââ¬â¢s what I learned from this movie. It really taught me a lesson. h imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-32264088061378391952020-01-09T22:51:00.001-08:002020-01-09T22:51:02.092-08:00Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on American Dream Essay Samples Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on American Dream Essay Samples A Startling Fact about American Dream Essay Samples Uncovered Lots of people would say yes. Therefore, they can contribute to the society as well as developing themselves. Not only does this change in accordance with your surroundings as time passes, but additionally it changes as you become older and you become more mature and responsible. By dwelling previously can lead to obsession and misfortune. American Dream Essay Samples - Overview The American dream is still accessible today as there are many opportunities and ways to receive your career going. The difficulty to maintain a job and stay financially stable can be terribly significant. Everyone has different jobs that may control how successful they are, or wish to be. People have equal chance for achievement. What Is So Fascinating About American Dream Essay Samples? All the characters in The Great Gatsby long for more than that whic h they have and attempt to in several tactics to sate their requirements. Even though some individuals have difficulties to meet their American Dream, a huge majority is living the American Dream. There's no obvious definition of the term American Dream', so all of us have the freedom to make it correspond her or his own targets. On the surface of it, the plot appears to be a typical story of broken hopes and expectations. The American Dream is designed to be a method of life attainable to all Americans. It allows anyone to reach for his or her dream. Need to have a winner, 2012. Ok, I Think I Understand American Dream Essay Samples, Now Tell Me About American Dream Essay Samples! The baby needs to be a lovely fool to be able to be happy and successful. Just be sure that it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. You might also speak of the privation in different countries where it is impossible to have a whole passion or possibly to dream. He never compromised on the reality which she's married to somebody else. Naturally there's much more to the essay than only the opening but a wonderful essay is going to have good opening. Perhaps there's a perception that every essay ought to be finished with a bang. It's so obvious to observe every time a student has chosen well so far as the subject of their essay is concerned. When writing an essay a st udent is anticipated to present points that make it simple to attain the American dream. At length, you compose a concluding paragraph which summarizes all the points that you've made. To each theme plays in the important character or did it is the excellent gatsby is a fast and effortless way. Even much better is the scenario whereby the superb story is all about an important ideal that's held dear amongst a larger portion of the general public. All you will need is to bring another story in addition to this place, and upgrade your vehicle and, all set! One other important symbol is the sign of time. Having freedom or equality will stay part of the American Dream and will remain achievable for everyone in the united states. Each American can present their special reply to this question, but there's an underlying element of succeeding and prosperity. As stated in the past paragraph it is possible to attain a good quantity of money from any work here in The United States which can assist you out a fantastic deal in a quest for the American Dream. It's possible here in the United States to find anything you would like as long as you have sufficient money for it. Every US citizen invests her or his own ideas about the ideal future. A nation which operates under no laws with freedom provided to the powerful men and women. The True Meaning of American Dream Essay Samples Even though the American Dream is still valid these days, it might not be achievable for all Americans. High School freshmen are quite similar. Many students think that High School opens the door to numerous freedoms, like staying out late into the evening. Burlington teacher Jerry George said, We've been taking part within this essay contest for a variety of years. American Dream Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! Being in control doesn't necessaril y mean you will get a better life. The expectation that one facet of this bigger ideal could control a person's happiness contributed to the downfall of the American Dream in addition to society. All these factors comprise the American dream and exist as a goal for each and every man or woman who's attempting to reach it. The new methods for life has an effect on the man and their dream. On the flip side, the American Dream is still somewhat less accessible as it was before because attaining and attempting to maintain a job is easily the most difficult. Hard work and healthiness are a few things that add to the progression of the American dream. Just those very small changes on the planet can influence this dream. imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-14046092544625341592020-01-01T19:16:00.001-08:002020-01-01T19:16:03.823-08:00The Old College Try A Young Age - 1020 Words The Old College Try From a young age, people learn the importance of structure to succeed. As early as kindergarten, schools teach students how to build healthy habits, such as organization skills, time management, and commitment to thoroughly completing tasks to the best of their ability. The quality of being organized sets the foundation for success. The motto ââ¬Å"give it the old college tryâ⬠is commonly used when referring to the amount of effort and willpower required to succeed in college. Some students put forth the effort in order to earn Aââ¬â¢s. The ââ¬Å"Fâ⬠student is only separated from the ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠student by a difference in motivation, discipline, and social priorities. Every student has free access to the library, available course material,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Achievers typically have a plan for their future which guides their present activities. The ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠students are motivated to obtain a successful career after their college education. These students are committed to challenging themselves and strive to consistently do better. Students who underachieve are optimistic and unrealistic about their time commitments. Consequently, underachievers procrastinate and find themselves with incomplete and sloppy work. These underachievers do not think about the consequences of their actions, or lack of, and tend to focus on the present instead of the future. The inability to stay committed to academic priorities leads to a weak educational foundation. Underachievers are not driven and do not consistently challenge themselves. Unlike the achievers, these unmotivated students do not have a plan for their future. College is not easy and requires self-discipline. Students need to pay attention in class, take notes, and complete school work outside of class to succeed. Achievers understand the importance of structure. The ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠students demonstrate self-discipline by being committed to reviewing material multiple times and thoroughly completing assignments. These students prioritize studying and commit to a self-imposed schedule. By staying committed to their self-imposed schedule, students lay the path for continuous healthy habits. These healthy habits lead to success. On the other hand, failing students imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-84568853799896313002019-12-24T15:02:00.001-08:002019-12-24T15:02:03.541-08:00The Spirit Of The Holy Spirit - 962 Words What captured my attention immediately after reading this section was one specific word, fearless. #259. ââ¬Å"Spirit-filled evangelizers means evangelizers fearlessly open to the working of the Holy Spirit.ââ¬Å" Pope Francis is not redefining anything but encouraging us to fearlessly be open to the Holy Spirit. I can count how many times I have been hindered or even paralyzed out of fear. I think admitting we have fear and identifying its true meaning and where itââ¬â¢s coming from is what will ignite the spirit Pope Francis wants us to have. We have a choice, we can fuel our fears or face them head on knowing we have the gift of the Holy Spirit. I am actively trying to choose the latter every moment I can, easier said than done. The way we counter fear is with fortitude. Fortitude is a cardinal virtue, CCC 1808 ââ¬Å"Fortitude is the moral virtue that ensures firmness in difficulties and constancy in the pursuit of the good. It strengthens the resolve to resist temptat ions and to overcome obstacles in the moral life. The virtue of fortitude enables one to conquer fear, even fear of death, and to face trials and persecutions. It disposes one even to renounce and sacrifice his life in defense of a just cause.â⬠I now see one of the most important reasons why Pope Francis wants us to not forget our prayer life while we journey towards missionary discipleship with a spirit filled evangelization. The closer we move to the Lord the more temptations and fears we face. ââ¬Å"Lead us not intoShow MoreRelatedThe Spirit Of The Holy Spirit1137 Words à |à 5 Pages The Holy Spirit gives different gifts to different people. There are multiple ways to use these gifts and the Spirit works in differing ways. More importantly, these gifts are given by the same Spirit, the different ways to use them come from the same Lord and the same God is making these different gifts happen in everyone (1 Corinthians 12:4-6). The Holy Spirit gives these gifts to every one that is a part of the body of believers (1 Corinthians 12:4). The way that the Holy Spirit is given to eachRead MoreThe Spirit Of The Holy Spirit1257 Words à |à 6 PagesMost of my ministry career has been spent trying to house break the Holy Spirit. As a young man I saw so many instances of ministers manipulating people to try and drum up the Holy Spirit or the people to receive the Holy Spirit that I thought the Holy Spirit needed our help if He was to move in the lives of people. I had never really seen the work or manifestations of the Holy Spirit outside of a southern Pentecostal setting. Furthermore, as a young man, I was always impressed with the EvangelistRead MoreThe Spirit Of The Holy Spirit960 Words à |à 4 Pagesand doctrinal teachings that acknowledge the power of the Holy Spirit, however, they do not ascribe his actions and the power to an individual essence but rather to mere influence. I do believe that the Holy Spirit is a person, in-fact the Third Person of the Trinity who is equal with the Father and the Son in essence. When it comes to the individual acts of the Holy Spirit as recorded in scripture, Elmer Town says it best ââ¬Å"the Holy Spirit does a number of things only a person can do; and it isRead MoreThe Spirit Of The Holy Spirit891 Words à |à 4 Pagesfilled by the Holy Spirit. The disciples gathered together in one place, and ââ¬Å"all of them were fulfilled with the Holy Spiritâ⬠(v.4). The scene leaves some people amazed, confused and marveled (v.6-7). Even some thought that the people were drunk (v.13). While many people were perplexed by the work of the Holy Spirit, Peter validates this scene by reciting the prophecy of Joel (v.14-21). This text shows the new understanding of a community of believers with the work of Holy Spirit. What does it meanRead MoreThe Holy Spirit846 Words à |à 4 Pagesof the triune God is the Holy Spirit. He posses the attributes of God Father and Jesus Christ. He is the person al unseen power and presence of God in the world. The mission of the Holy Spirit is to proclaim overflowing love and world embracing communion of the triune God. Godââ¬â¢s mission is calling the entire creation into life-giving communion through Jesus the Christ, in the power of the Holy Spirit. It is in the midst of these distressing events the Holy Spirit ministers. It is clear thatRead MoreThe Holy Spirit2440 Words à |à 10 Pagesrealize is how often the Holy Spirit is seen. The Holy Spirit is at work forming and shaping the history of the Bible. He guided rulers, came upon the mighty king Saul, and, even more amazing, the Spirit could make a stubborn obstinate heart obedient. He gave the men words to say and write so that people can read the message of the Lord. The Spirit is both hidden and revealed throughout the Bible. The Old Testament believers did not always realize the full power of the Holy Spirit, but taking a closerRead MoreThe Holy Spirit And His Benefits. The Holy Spirit Is The1596 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Holy Spirit and His Benefits The Holy Spirit is the third person that eternally exist with God the Father and God the Son. ââ¬Å"equal in power and glory, and is, together with the Father and the Sone, to be believed in, obeyed, and worshipped. The Holy Ghost is a gift bestowed upon the believer for the purpose of equipping and empowering the believer, making him a more effective witness for service in the world. He teaches and guides one in all truth (John 16:13; Acts 1:8, 8:39). 1 The baptismRead MoreThe Spirit Of Christ : The Holy Spirit870 Words à |à 4 PagesWhen you consider who the Holy Spirit is, something will stir up within your spirit. The more knowledge your spirit-man receives the stronger it will become and you become abundantly dependent towards the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is the third person that bears witness in the Godhead. The book of Acts describes Him as ââ¬Å"â⬠¦a rushing mighty windâ⬠(Acts 2:2). This is not just an ordinary Spirit that you have been sealed with, He is mighty and able to take down forces, He is rushing to fill you andRead MoreThe Holy Spirit899 Words à |à 4 Pagesacts of the apostles, but the acts of the Holy Spirit instead. Such a conclusion may seem odd, but a recognition of the importance of the Holy Spirit in Acts is completely justified. The full title of the book of Acts may be The Acts of the Apostles, but that title could equally well read The Acts of the Holy Spirit. (Drumwright, Holy Spirit In The Book Of Acts.). In the American Standard Version of Acts there are fifty-six references to the Holy Spirit. Comparing that to other portions of theRead MoreHoly Spirit : The Holy Trinity1148 Words à |à 5 PagesChristine Jones Spirit Empowered Living ââ¬â 01 M. Thomas October 28, 2016 Holy Spirit Project Along with the Father and the Son, the Holy Spirit completes what is known as the Holy Trinity. He is both different than and the same as the Father and the Son. The Holy Spirit has His own unique characteristics and personality, specific functions and purpose, He has used many people throughout history, and He can also use me. First, the Holy Spirit has distinctive characteristics and has His own personality imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-85941035296749723952019-12-16T11:32:00.001-08:002019-12-16T11:32:03.064-08:00Salvador Daliââ¬â¢s Childhood Free Essays ââ¬Å"The two greatest strokes of luck that can happen to a painter are (1), to be Spanish, (2) to be called Salvador Dali. ââ¬Å"Even today, Salvador Dali is considered one of the most influential and successful surrealist artist in history, yet not much is known about his childhood; and what we do know is incredibly vague. His childhood is what influenced many of the famous symbols and styles found in his paintings and made them what they are. We will write a custom essay sample on Salvador Daliââ¬â¢s Childhood or any similar topic only for you Order Now Salvador Dalais surrealist artwork is amazingly vivid and filled with symbols from both his childhood and adulthood. From the symbolic melting clocks to the lesser known fried eggs. Even from a young age, Salvador was a very eccentric and somewhat disturbed child. ââ¬Å"When I was three I wanted to be a cook. At the age of six I wanted to be Napoleon. Since then my ambition has increased all the time, (surrealists. Co. UK/ Dali:pH). Dali surely had many eccentric ambitions. From a cook too Napoleon, this now legendary painter has much history that is clearly shown in his art. Dalais childhood was full of perverse and sadistic elements that were to become a major art of his symbolist paintings,â⬠(surrealists. Co. UK/Dali:pH). As a young boy, Dali began to show signs of aggression, because of this he was sent away to live with a family friend who happened to be an artist. There he developed the want to become an artist and explored other passions, such as pain. He was masochistic and would throw himself down the stairs because the pain influenced him. He had said, ââ¬Å"The pain was insignifi cant, the pleasure was immense. More often than not, his desire to be different came out as violence. In one incident, pushing his friend Off 15-foot bridge to watch him fall. Salvador eccentricities didnââ¬â¢t fade with age, if anything they intensified. ââ¬Å"Almost everything he tried, he did well. He was a writer, a movie makerâ⬠¦ â⬠(biography/people/ Salvador-Dali-40389? Page=1). Dali himself said that he would not be forgotten, he made sure of this by spreading his name to all sections of the artistic community. He designed ââ¬Ëdream sequencesââ¬â¢ for Alfred Hitchcock to use in his 1945 movie Spellbound, (biography/people/Salvador-Dali-40389? Page=1). He also collaborated with Walt Disney to create the short animated film, Destine. ââ¬Å"Bizarre and outlandish, Dali often took part in performance pieces that were despised by critics,â⬠(biography/people/ Salvador-Dali-40389? Page=1). Because he was never broody or quiet critics never took him seriously. To them an artist was secretive and every piece was to be a show case of the artistââ¬â¢s deep sorrow and talent. Salvador really Just wanted his artwork to be seen by the masses, so much so that he created paintings specifically for companies o sell their products. Dalais matter of revealing the gap between reality and illusion influenced all manner of modern artists. Beyond developing his own symbolic language, Dali elaborated a way to represent the inner mind,â⬠(transitory. Org/artist-Dali- Salvador. HTML) He used vivid imagery to show what he thought and felt. He knew how to create hypnotic art that memorized and inspired like no other artists could. On his death bed scientists asked if the melting clocks represented Einstein theory of lethality, he said ââ¬ËNo its based on my perception of Camembert cheese melting in the sun. ââ¬Ë Dalais symbolism seems very profound and thoughtful and at some level it is. Ants and flesh represent an encounter with a wounded bat. Food like the fried eggs comes from Dalais childhood urge to be a cook. Instruments of mutilation are a tribute to Da lais sad-masochistic behavior and thoughts. His art has always Just been the thoughts and memories of an eccentric life and mind. Nothing more and definitely nothing less. How to cite Salvador Daliââ¬â¢s Childhood, Papers imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-33449943014374734812019-12-08T08:15:00.001-08:002019-12-08T08:15:04.626-08:00Comparison of Three Types of Thermometers Question: Discuss about a Comparison of Three Types of Thermometers? Answer: Introduction There are various types of thermometers available in the market. It should be taken a note that the correct thermometer should be used for the defined job in the desired field. A medically used thermometer is unsuitable in the industrial purposes. One of the mostly used thermometer is the Analogue Thermometer which is often very cheap and easily available in the medical stores (Portable Field Thermometer, 2011). They are Mercury filled and used for checking the temperature of patients suffering from fever. It has a simple display with both Celsius and Fahrenheit scales, can be immersed in liquids and requires low maintenance. ATH-410 is an example of such thermometers. The Tympanic Thermometer which is generally placed in the one third region of the external ear and the receiver cap is replaced after each usage. Like the Analogue Thermometer it is portable, easy to handle and use. In the Infrared Thermometer, temperature analysis is performed in non-contact materials. It is highly sp ecialised for high or low surface temperatures (Compact infrared thermometer, 2014). They are fast, accurate, have dual sensors, probes can be interchangeable and high resolution. Purpose of the Study The aim of this study is to compare the body temperature and its related aspects of young individuals of 453 students regarding three different types of measurement tools. A set of temperature is collected to analyse the measurements. It was determined that, although the measurement values of the tympanic membrane and chemical dot thermometers conformed with each other, the conformity of the non-contact infrared thermometer was weak. It also demonstrates the types of measurements like invasive and noninvasive methods. Research Objective To analyse the different body temperatures using three different types of thermometer. The measurements are done under normal temperature or room temperature (25 degree Celsius). In both of the cases the external conditions remains same. Research Question Is Sund Levender Hypothesis relevant for detection of the body temperature at normal physiological conditions? Methodology The study was research based which followed some predefined set of procedures and regulations. It also takes sample to analyse the matter in brief. It also covers some tools or instruments to proceed with the research (Basak, 2012).The research population composing of the students in the two departments of University of Ankara was taken and the sample size was noted ((Haman, et al., 2010). It was stated to be of 410 people using the G* Power software. A consideration was taken of about 90-95% of the correlations so provided had coefficient designed as alpha and 5% with beta. Total 452 students fitting to the inclusion criteria was allowed to participate. Students with infection in the mouth mucosa lesion or any other type of infections was excluded from the research work (Pulizzi, 2014). Ethical considerations: An ethical approval was obtained from the institutional head prior to the beginning of the study. Instruments generally used were the 3M Tempa DOT chemical dot thermometer, Thermosense non-contact infrared thermometer and a Tympanic Thermometer. Prior to the experiment it was taken a note that the students do not encounter with any hot or cold food materials (Ilce, 2015). Calibration of the thermometers were performed and held at RT for 10 minutes. Body temperature measurement was carried out in four folds, two from RT auditory canal, and two from LT with the tympanic thermometer. 3 measurement per subject with non-contact infrared thermometer was done and 1 with Chemical Dot Thermometer (CDOT) (Rey, 2010). Time taken was 3-5 minutes per participant. Total 3616 measurement was performed. The data was evaluated by Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Mean, Standard Deviation, Frequencies and Percentages was performed. Finally a graphical representation was performed by Bland-Atman graph sheet (Infrared Thermometer. (2011). Result Among the participants 44.9% male candidates and 55.1% female candidates were taken. The average age was 19.66 and 83.9% were normal weighed. The average temperature obtained was 36.71 for CDOT, 36.78 for tympanic thermometer and 36.22 for infrared thermometer. Validities was compared and interclass correlation was found out to be 0.867 for clinical dot thermometer and tympanic thermometer whereas it is 0.805 for non-contact infrared thermometer. It re measurability it was denoted that interclass correlation was 0.904 with tympanic and 0.909 with infrared thermometer. So it can be statistically denoted that there is a strong co relation among the values. At high temperatures it is observed that the working capacity of the infrared thermometer has reduced as compared to the other two types. Discussion Findings: The OMT was measured to be around 36.71à ¢Ã à °C whereas that of tympanic mean temperature was 36.78à ¢Ã à °C and forehead mean temperature was 36.22à ¢Ã à °C (Noone, S2012). This can be related to the Sund-Levender temperature value of 33.2à ¢Ã à °C-38.2à ¢Ã à °C for oral temperature and 35.4à ¢Ã à °C-37.8à ¢Ã à °C for tympanic thermometer. Hence we can conclude that the experimental values coincides with the literature values of body temperature (Zhu, 2015). Limitations: Students who have faced any physical problem in the last seven dates before the test was excluded from the research. Normal youth will be taken as an example. Even The students who were diagnosed with any type of infection within the last 7 days were also excluded from the analysis. Age will be same for all the individuals. Only one measurement also performed with the chemical dot thermometer. Recommendations: It is suggested that similar studies should be conducted with different age groups and different thermometers and with adults who have high body temperatures. References Compact infrared thermometer. (2014).Pigment Resin Technology,27(2). Haman, K., Malinowski, S., StruÃâ¦Ã¢â¬ º, B., Busen, R., Stefko, A. (2010). Two New Types of Ultrafast Aircraft Thermometer.J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.,18(2), 117-134. Ilce, A. (2015). Comparison of Infrared Tympanic Thermometer with Non-Contact Infrared Thermometer.ocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi/Journal Of Pediatric Infection,8(4), 200-201. Infrared Thermometer. (2011).Science,189(4201), 483-483. Noone, D. (2012). Palaeoclimate: Kink in the thermometer.Nature,462(7271), 295-296. Portable Field Thermometer. (2011).Science,181(4101), 777-777. Pulizzi, F. (2014). Semiconductor devices: A quantum dot thermometer.Nature Nanotech. Rey, A. (2010). The super cool atom thermometer.Physics,2 Basak, T., Aciksoz, S., Tosun, B., Akyuz, A., Acikel, C. (2012) imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-29663201091286597612019-11-30T19:57:00.001-08:002019-11-30T19:57:01.941-08:00Mongol Influences in China and Russia Essay ExampleMongol Influences in China and Russia Essay From the first explosion of Mongol military might from the steppes of central Asia in the early decades of the 13th century to the death of Timur in1405, the nomads of central Asia made a last, stunning return to center stage in world history. The Mongols brought about changes in countryside economics, the power of the states, and overall trade, with similarities and differences in the two states respectively. Mongol influences and culture trends can still be observed in Russia as well as China today.The Mongols were regarded as a cruel and vicious people, but changes caused by Mongolian rule in the subjugated countries, including advances in science and technology, were mostly well natured. The Mongols completely reformed several countries in the Middle East and Asia, with political as well as economic change. The Mongol era helped unite China and formed the Yuan and Ming Empire. The Mongols caused many political changes within China and Russia. Mongol rule brought about many power changes and reforms in both states.In Russia and China, the Khans, referred to as ââ¬Å"Great Leadersâ⬠, ruled after initial conquest, causing a shift in the central power of the government. The Mongols destroyed cities and government rule in both nations, despite most citiesââ¬â¢ initial surrender. Because the Mongols rulers wished for quick access to control in both countries, the Chinese capital was moved to Beijing where it became the center of politics and commerce in China as well as Southeast Asia.In Russia, the Mongols allied itself with the Orthodox Church and fused government and church, giving the church more political power. In addition to changes in the politics of China and Russia, the Mongols had great effects on trade and economics as well. While China managed to export large amounts of silk and porcelain and become a trading center, Russiaââ¬â¢s economy crashed and the country had to restart with agriculture.However, both nations experienced positive eff ects, especially trade routes that facilitated exchange, promoted religion and enabled international trade. The East and West were finally connected through the Silk Road. Also, with Chinaââ¬â¢s population decreasing during Mongol Rule, the state was ironically united, whereas Russia was divided and forced to base its economies on agriculture. In both cases, the economy of the countryside suffered due to little pay and excessive amounts of work pressed upon farmers.Paper money began to spread in Russia and China, causing inflation. Mongolian rulers and conquerors also horded precious metals, depriving the economy from them. The Mongol era brought about positive economic changes as well as negative reforms. The East and West Worlds were finally connected by series of routes, and trade, religion, goods, and ideas were able to spread. Great cities such as Beijing were formed while others were destroyed. Effective and ineffective forms of government in the Mongol Era made helped pave way for other governments.Even though the Mongol Empire collapsed a long time ago, and the Mongolian state is relatively small, Mongolian influences are still effective in Russia and China as well as other parts of the world. With political, economical and religious influences in the once conquered states, the Mongol Era was truly remarkable in its ability to change and reform other countries. Mongol rule could be called either good or bad, but there is no doubt that it has a great effect on us today. This once vast empire has left its mark permanently on the current world as well as the future. imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-88426127319570704432019-11-26T08:12:00.001-08:002019-11-26T08:12:05.379-08:00Professional Values and EthicsProfessional Values and Ethics Introduction Values are set of fundamental believes by which we choose what is right and what is wrong. They give priority on what is important. Values are very important to an individual when it comes to decision making and also the path of life one takes. Every person has a set of values which touches on the way one defines life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Values and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, ethics are more formalized set of rules that regulate the manner of acting or rather the behavior of an individual or professionals (Hartmann, 2004). Ethical determinations are based on some code of conduct. Ethics is therefore defined by the code of conduct. Ethics develops typical social behavior defining certain activities. Therefore, it can be argued that ethics are set to protect individuals or society. Sources of professional values and ethics There are quite a number of sources of professional values and ethics. Some of these sources are discussed below. Business leaders are major source of professional values and ethics. Since they are the head of the business, they should lead by example and motivate the employees (Petersonââ¬â¢s, 2005). A leader with high professional ethical standards tends to have a positive impact on the employees values and ethics altogether. However, this is not always true as some cases of unethical behavior in business leaders have been reported. Therefore, it is important for a leader to be ethical so that he or she can set a good trend for the employees to follow. Professional integrity is also another source of professional values and ethics. Integrity defines professionalism. An organization comes up with a set of rules which governs professions, hence maintaining ethics. By doing this, an organization ensures that high standards of morals are kept, for instance, the Hippocratic Oath taken by doctors or Code of Ch ivalry by knights. Your own experience is a source of professional values and ethics (Petersonââ¬â¢s, 2005). Ones experience can have a great impact on their values. In fact, in most cases one chooses the path he or she takes depending on the experience one undergoes in life. For example, if an employer treats his/her employees with respect, one will tend to have a positive outlook toward him or her. This will help develop good professional values. Parents and early childhood mentors are also another source of professional values and ethics (Hartmann, 2004). Parents have a great influence on how one behaves. They pass on values to their children hence influencing their behavior. These sets of values acquired from parents will in turn affect the personal relationship one has. Further, childhood mentors define ones values.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These are the people one admires and emulates, hence acquiring some sets of believes from them. These believe or values tend to affect ones moral position in the society, or in an organization. Influence of professional values and ethics on career success Although people may have different values, ethics are there to keep check. Professional values and ethics are associated with making the right choices in a career. These in turn is associated with living ones dream (Hartmann, 2004). Professional values and ethics are also associated with peaceful coexistence among co-workers and also between them and their employers. This peaceful coexistence provides a conducive working condition, hence an increased productivity. When professional values and ethics are achieved, more goals become achieved. References Hartmann, N. (2004). Ethic volume 6: Muirhead Library of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Petersonââ¬â¢s, (2005). Graduate program in business, education, health, information studies, law so cial work book 6. Petersonââ¬â¢s. imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-43625006668494884392019-11-22T15:35:00.001-08:002019-11-22T15:35:03.397-08:005 Tips to Compose an Effective Deductive Essay5 Tips to Compose an Effective Deductive Essay 5 Tips to Compose an Effective Deductive Essay Many students get terrified when learning that they are to perform a deductive essay. Different thoughts come across their minds. They get anxious about such complex terms as deductive reasoning, deductive thinking, and similar definitions. In fact, there is nothing complicated about deductive reasoning process. The main point is to write enough data on the studied topic to clarify your main idea. While writing a deductive essay, you should base your strategy on a specific concept. You are expected to introduce a set of topic-related clues, premises and/or circumstances. These guidelines should develop a situation and come up with a clear and logical assumption. In other words, your major objective is to provide a solution giving specified information in enough amounts. A writer is supposed to make a thorough research of the assigned or chosen topic. Weighing all advantages and disadvantages, itââ¬â¢s needed to draw a reasonable conclusion. Accordingly, the data youââ¬â¢re going to use in this specific piece of writing is utterly important. It must be relevant and convincing. Setting Tone First, you should take into account the tone of your writing. It must be factual and objective. This is a compulsory obligation. Introduce facts and try to be objective. Be honest in your judgments and avoid the subjective point of view. Choosing Your Topic The selection of a topic is of great importance. You ought to be careful. First of all, you should avoid topics that can evoke an overly emotional response. Writing on such themes, you will hardly manage to remain objective. Secondly, your topic is supposed to be relevant and interesting to your readers. Therefore, pick up a non-emotional and significant topic. For instance, you may choose: Online Education. Pros and cons. Democracy vs. Communism. Cultural differences and similarities in your country. Writing Premise The initial part of this essay type is the premise. This technique is very effective because it makes your topic more attractive. An author uses it to craft the conclusion. You may use several premises. Giving some hints on what will be discussed in your research, will ignite the interest in potential readers. Mind that your introduction should clearly explain your main purpose and the problem you are going to disclose. Provide the background of the issue. Study your main question and background carefully. This essay type is based on the facts. Introducing the Evidence The evidence is undeniably vital for such academic paper as a deductive essay. After you write the thesis statement, you should develop your main argument supporting it with examples and proven facts. Supporting paragraphs contain detailed explanations of your main purpose. Each paragraph should have a sub-topic to guide the readers throughout the entire work. The evidence given in all paragraphs must be relevant and official. Therefore, verify all the data you use to state your claims. Donââ¬â¢t forget that you cannot be subjective. You ought to exclude any personal experiences of your own or others. Concluding The conclusion is the defining chapter of your research. It draws the logical line for the premise, evidence, and the final words. It should be brief and straight to the point. It gives readers the balance. You are to restate your opinion. Mind that it should not be obligatorily the dead point. Your conclusion may look forward the future and express the idea for further researches that you wish to undertake. Neither should it be obligatorily positive. Itââ¬â¢s not compulsory to write in a positive tone. The objective judgments may reveal negative outcomes of the researched issue. Some Important Details You should never forget definite features of deductive essays; no matter what topic is assigned. First, you have no right to lessen focus. Your research should have a sharp focus on what you explain. If you fail this demand, your readers will lose your point, and your work will be written in vain. Secondly, it is supposed to be clear. Clarity means a lot. Otherwise, your readers wonââ¬â¢t understand what you mean. Youââ¬â¢ll need plainly structured paragraphs with the organized thoughts. Every section should be logically connected with the previous one. Provide strong support and an effective conclusion. If you need professional assistance from academic experts, visit our service and order a custom deductive essay online, on any topic you need. imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-2411347811040879712019-11-21T00:44:00.001-08:002019-11-21T00:44:06.936-08:00English language (meaning) linguistics you can find every thing in the EssayEnglish language (meaning) linguistics you can find every thing in the file - Essay Example The primary objective of this model is to distinguish between sense stored in semantic memory and the central sense associated with radial category. This model has been found useful when applied to a range of lexical categories like prepositions, verbs and nouns. It has also been used successfully in several languages other than English. In the scope of this paper, Cognitive Semantics as a field will be discussed, recapitulated and defined. Cognitive linguistics and polysemy may be themselves analysed and commented on from time to time. Terms like ââ¬Ëpolysemy fallacyââ¬â¢ will also be defined and discussed in the process. The paper attempts to critically review the salient features of this model and discuss its significance in the study of semantics in general. Works by Vyvyan Evans are cited most frequently in this essay. Andrea Tyler and Stephen Levinson are two other theorists whose works were also greatly significant in the writing of this paper. There will be a practical application of a cognitive semantic analysis of the much commented upon English word ââ¬Ëoverââ¬â¢, including applied ââ¬ËPrincipled Polysemyââ¬â¢ as demonstrated by Tyler and Evans in 2001. à This paper will first discuss and trace the field the development of the field of cognitive semantics, critically review the approaches of truth-conditional and relevance theory schools and come to a conclusion regarding the present significance of the cognitive semantics field. Words: 361 Words Critical Review: 1. Background: What is Cognitive Semantics? The study of cognitive semantics took off in the 1970s, largely as a protest against the objectivist trend of American and English traditions of philosophy (Evans & Green, 2006). The predominant stance taken by theorists of the time belonged to the school of the ââ¬Ëtruth-conditional semanticsââ¬â¢. Eve Sweetser describes this school as: ââ¬ËBy viewing meaning as the relationship between words and the world, truth-condi tional semantics eliminates cognitive organization from the linguistic systemââ¬â¢(Sweetser, 1990). In almost direct opposition to this, cognitive semantics sees meaning as the manifestation of conceptual structure. In other words, mental representation, in all its diverse and multi-faceted form, is highlighted. A leading practitioner of cognitive semantics in the 1970s, Leonard Talmy, has described it thus: ââ¬Ë[R]esearch on cognitive semantics is research on conceptual content and its organization in languageââ¬â¢ (Talmy, 2000). i) Principles of Cognitive Semantics: Cognitive Semantics accepts a few principles as its central concerns: That conceptual structure is ââ¬Ëembodiedââ¬â¢, i.e., abstractions are turned into concrete conceptions by the embodiment of experience. That semantic structure is itself such a conceptual structure. Representation of meaning is ââ¬Ëencyclopaedicââ¬â¢, i.e., words do not represent neat bundles of meaning but are points of access (Evans & Green, 2006). Construction of meaning is also conceptualisation. To expand on this, serially, the embodiment of conceptual structure refers to the abstract conceptions that with the help of the backdrop of context, whether social or otherwise, get condensed into concrete ââ¬Ë imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-48901606387704461372019-11-19T07:49:00.001-08:002019-11-19T07:49:04.323-08:00Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsBabbitt by Sinclair Lewis - Essay Example Examples of these contradictory human traits abound throughout the novel. George believed in material possessions as definitions of his worth, but his discontent with them is evident thus: He hadn't even any satisfaction in the new water cooler! And it was the very best of water coolers,..(p. 26 Chp. 3). His weakness regarding attempts to stop smoking is frequently portrayed, with little plans to thwart himself, such as locking his cigars in a filing cabinet and hiding the key, and his many promises to quit. After his Maine vacation, he had to leave the train to buy a cigar, then later our days later, he again remembered that he had stopped smoking, but he was too busy catching up with his office work to keep it remembered.(p. 116 Chp. 12) When he found himself accepted as a good orator, at the real estate convention, he was full of bombastic pride, but also a simple pleasure in having his ability so recognized. guess some of the folks on Floral Heights will sit up and take notice now, pay a little attention to old Georgie!(p.128 Chp. 13) There is much endearing boyishness in his enthusiasms and frequent attempts to improve in many areas of his life. His continuing success as an orator has something sadly nostalgic about it, as Babbitt harks back to his unfulfilled desire to have been a lawyer. His snobbery and social climbing were evident when, after the alumni reunion, he and Mrs. Babbitt gave a disastrous dinner party for the rich McKelveys. He rationalized the fact that these people would not be their friends by telling his wife ut I like to have a chance to visit with you and the children instead of all this idiotic chasing around.(p. 152 Chp. 15). hey did not speak of the McKelveys again.and these words were applied to the Overbrooks, whom the Babbitts considered beneath them, again after an awkward dinner. Both instances demonstrated the good and bad in Babbitt's character and values. Love and loyalty were shown where Paul Reisling was concerned. Babbitt defended his friend, managed a week of freedom for him from his nagging wife, Zilla and rushed to the prison after Paul shot her. 'm not going to be moral, I just want to do anything I can.(p. 204, Chp. 22) He even offered to perjure himself to get Paul his freedom. With his family, although he found them hard to tolerate, Babbitt showed concern always for their well-being and futures. He spent time with Tinka and Myra and never ignored Ted or Verona, despite their annoying him. When he changed radically in his attempts to break away from his conventional life, he seemed to embrace all that was opposite to his previous character, drinking, dancing, having the affair, and criticizing his old friends. But he showed kindness, loyalty and love when Myra got sick, and returned to being the character first portrayed at the beginning of the novel. There was a depth of self-awareness in the handling of Ted's youthful marriage and desire to leave university. His reactions and advice to his son showed him as an empathetic and even likable character, despite what is known about him. 've never done a single thing I've wanted to in my whole life! I don't know's I've accomplished anything except just get along....Take your factory job if you want to...Don't be scared...of yourself, like I've been. Go ahead old man! The world is yours!(p. 305 Chp. 34) In imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-56278197621894553612019-11-16T20:20:00.001-08:002019-11-16T20:20:03.788-08:00Nation of Islam Essay Example for Free Nation of Islam Essay Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. He was born to a minister father that was a supporter of Black Nationalist Movement leader Marcus Garvey, which resulted in Malcolm experiencing discrimination and racial hatred from an early age. His father was killed and his home burned when Malcolm was young, and Malcolm was jailed in his early twenties after several run-ins with the law following his fatherââ¬â¢s death. He joined the Nation of Islam in while in prison, and when he was paroled in 1952 he was named the national spokesman for the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X was an outspoken, articulate, charismatic man that used television, radio, and every other form of media available to convey the Nationââ¬â¢s message. He preached for militant stance in the black community and for equal rights for African Americans, ââ¬Å"by any means necessaryâ⬠. This unwavering stance and militant attitude made some see Malcolm as a threat and he was followed under FBI surveillance until he was assassinated in 1965. He used his charisma and his steadfast beliefs to make the message of the Nation of Islam well known in America and to bring the issue of African American rights to the forefront of American consciousness. His mission later transformed from fighting for African American rights to fighting for equal human rights for every race, and he enforced the same militant stance with his new message. Mahatma Gandhi was a human rights leader like Malcolm X but he delivered his message in a very different way. Born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, he was given the name Mahatma because it means, ââ¬Å"great soulâ⬠. He was born in British-ruled India and practiced law in South Africa which was also ruled by Britain. While in South Africa he began a twenty-year campaign for Indian freedom. Instead of Xââ¬â¢s militant, unmoving approach, Gandhi practiced and taught the principles of non-violent resistance. He believed it was more honourable to be jailed for oneââ¬â¢s cause than to create violence. He also practiced fasting as a way of conveying his message of peace and non-violence. He returned to India after twenty years and became the leader of the Indian Nationalist Movement. After India was declared independent in 1947, it was divided into India and Pakistan and the two countries rioted against one another. Gandhi began a fast to encourage the leaders to stop fighting. After he fasted for five days, the fighting stopped and the countries were at peace until Gandhi was assassinated shortly after. Until his death, Gandhi epitomized his message to, ââ¬Å"Be the change you want to see in the worldâ⬠. He saw no value in violence, and thought that the message of non-violence as a way of protest could bring tolerance, peace and unity more effectively than any violent act could. Despite the change in his place of residence and the political climate of his country he stayed true to his message of peace and unity. imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6684952931471271701.post-9678599583009881562019-11-14T08:51:00.001-08:002019-11-14T08:51:02.744-08:00bruce lee Essay examples -- essays research papers BRUCE LEE Bruce Lee was perhaps the greatest Martial-Artist ever. He was born in San Francisco, California on November 27th, 1940. A few months after his birth, Bruce and his family move back to Hong Kong. Bruce starred in a number of films as a child. His first starring role was actually when he was six years old! It was a role in a film titled "Little Orphan Sam". At the age of 12, Bruce begins taking Martial-Arts instruction from the legendary Sifu Yap-Man, a master of the art of "Wing-Chun" gung-fu. During the next few years, when he was not practicing his art, he could be found in the movie studios with his father. At the age of 18, due to the numerous streetfights he was involved in, Bruce alone was forced to move back to his place of birth, San Francisco. Bruce arrives with around $100 dollars, given to him by his parents. While attending the University of Washington, he majors in Philosophy. It is here he meets his future wife, Linda. He lives with an old friend of his father's, while working at the Ruby Chow Restaurant, in exchange for room and board. Unable to finance his education, he begins giving Martial-Arts lessons to various students at the University. Bruce attends a Martial-Arts tournament in Oklahoma, where he is "discovered". He is invited for a screen test for an untitled pilot, which is scrapped shortly before production. Fourtunately, he is chosen for for the role of "kato" in the television series, "T... imogeneramirezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16855397338231523545noreply@blogger.com0